A extensão rural pública frente aos desafios da PNATER: o caso da Empaer em Mato Grosso
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2018-05-03
Autores
Moraes, Murilo Didonet de
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Historicamente, a extensão rural brasileira esteve orientada para contribuir com o desenvolvimento capitalista no campo. No entanto, a constatação dos impactos socioambientais advindos do modelo de agricultura convencional implicou em críticas que levaram, por sua vez, a um repensar sobre a orientação difusionista tradicionalmente adotada. Contrária a este modelo, a Política Nacional de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (PNATER), criada em 2003 e institucionalizada em 2010, demonstrou uma mudança de postura do governo brasileiro, ao menos no nível do discurso, em querer implantar mudanças significativas nas bases filosóficas da prática extensionista, assim como concentrar seus esforços no público que ficou à margem do processo de modernização (os agricultores familiares). Esta pesquisa objetivou verificar quais são as relações que envolvem Estado/Organização/Agente, no sentido de compreender os limites e potencialidades relativos à prática extensionista e, mais especificamente, à implementação da PNATER na Empresa Mato-grossense de Pesquisa, Assistência e Extensão Rural (Empaer). Este trabalho, embora tenha envolvido coleta de dados quantitativos, deu ênfase à investigação do tipo qualitativa. Primeiramente, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a um dos dirigentes da Secretaria de Estado de Agricultura Familiar e Assuntos Fundiários (Seaf), assim como aos dois componentes da Diretoria Executiva (Diretor Presidente e Diretor de ATER) e aos nove coordenadores dos escritórios regionais da Empaer. Além disso, foi aplicado um questionário, enviado por meio digital (e-mail), junto a 62 extensionistas locais da referida Empresa. Dentre as diferentes vertentes teóricas apresentadas sobre as políticas públicas, as abordagens do neoinstitucionalismo histórico e cognitiva demonstraram ser as mais adequadas para a análise da construção histórica da Lei de ATER, tendo como base a multiplicidade de atores, ideias e organizações implicados no processo. Os resultados empíricos obtidos evidenciaram uma complexa rede de desafios no que tange ao acompanhamento dos pressupostos da PNATER, de modo que em determinadas situações se percebem aderências e em outras divergências. Observou-se que os principais fatores facilitadores a uma atuação da Empaer mais próxima às diretrizes da PNATER foram a conscientização e a disposição dos agricultores em trabalhar com uma agricultura mais sustentável, as atividades de formação, capacitação e experiência dos extensionistas, assim como o seu bom relacionamento com os agricultores. Por outro lado, os principais aspectos restritivos encontrados referem-se às dificuldades de ordem financeira e de recursos humanos, à insegurança na comercialização, à não adesão dos agricultores em relação à proposta e às condições insatisfatórias de trabalho dos extensionistas. Constatou-se que o caminho para a concretização efetiva da Lei de ATER ainda está sendo construído, pois a Empaer atende apenas parcialmente os objetivos e diretrizes apontados na Lei, o que pode ser interpretado como um alinhamento moderado da Empaer com a política vigente de ATER.
Historically, the brazilian rural extension has been oriented to contribute with the capitalist development in the field. However, the realization of the social and environmental impacts from conventional farming model resulted in criticism that led, for yours time, to a rethink about the diffusionist orientation traditionally adopted. Contrary to this model, the National Policy of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (PNATER), established in 2003 and institutionalized in 2010 (Law n. 12188 of January 11, 2010), has shown a change in the attitude of the Brazilian Government, at least on a theoretical level, in wanting to deploy changes significant in the philosophical bases of extensionist practice, as well as concentrate their efforts on the audience that stayed on the sidelines of the process of modernization (the family farmers). This research aimed to verify which are the relationships that involve State/Organisation/Agent, in order to understand the limits and potentials regarding the practice extensionist and, more specifically, the implementation of PNATER on Company for Agricultural Research, Assistance and Rural Extension of the State of Mato Grosso (Empaer). This work, although it involved collecting quantitative data, gave emphasis to research qualitative type. First, semi-structured interviews were carried out to one of the leaders of the State Secretariat for Family Farming and Land Affairs (Seaf), as well as the two components of the Executive Board (CEO and Director of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension) and the nine coordinators of regional offices of Empaer. In addition, a questionnaire was applied, submitted through digital (e-mail), along the 62 local extension workers of this Company. Among the different theoretical aspects presented on public policies, the historical neoinstitucionalism and cognitive approaches have shown to be the most suitable for the analysis of the historical construction of the Law n. 12188, known as Law of ATER (Law of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension), based on the multiplicity of actors, ideas and organizations involved in the process. The empirical results obtained showed a complex network of challenges with regard to the monitoring of assumptions of PNATER, so that in certain situations they realize adhesions and other differences. It was observed that the main factors that facilitated Empaer’s activities closer to Pnater’s guidelines were the awareness and willingness of family farmers in working with a more sustainable agriculture, the activities of training and experience of the extension workers, as well as your good relationship with farmers. On the other hand, the main restrictive aspects found refer to financial difficulties and human resources, insecurity in the marketing, the non-adherence of farmers in relation to the proposal and unsatisfactory conditions of work of extension workers. It was noted that the way to effectively achieve of the Law of ATER is still being built, because the Empaer only partially meets the objectives and guidelines aimed at Law, which can be interpreted as a moderate alignment of Empaer with the current ATER policy.
Historically, the brazilian rural extension has been oriented to contribute with the capitalist development in the field. However, the realization of the social and environmental impacts from conventional farming model resulted in criticism that led, for yours time, to a rethink about the diffusionist orientation traditionally adopted. Contrary to this model, the National Policy of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (PNATER), established in 2003 and institutionalized in 2010 (Law n. 12188 of January 11, 2010), has shown a change in the attitude of the Brazilian Government, at least on a theoretical level, in wanting to deploy changes significant in the philosophical bases of extensionist practice, as well as concentrate their efforts on the audience that stayed on the sidelines of the process of modernization (the family farmers). This research aimed to verify which are the relationships that involve State/Organisation/Agent, in order to understand the limits and potentials regarding the practice extensionist and, more specifically, the implementation of PNATER on Company for Agricultural Research, Assistance and Rural Extension of the State of Mato Grosso (Empaer). This work, although it involved collecting quantitative data, gave emphasis to research qualitative type. First, semi-structured interviews were carried out to one of the leaders of the State Secretariat for Family Farming and Land Affairs (Seaf), as well as the two components of the Executive Board (CEO and Director of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension) and the nine coordinators of regional offices of Empaer. In addition, a questionnaire was applied, submitted through digital (e-mail), along the 62 local extension workers of this Company. Among the different theoretical aspects presented on public policies, the historical neoinstitucionalism and cognitive approaches have shown to be the most suitable for the analysis of the historical construction of the Law n. 12188, known as Law of ATER (Law of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension), based on the multiplicity of actors, ideas and organizations involved in the process. The empirical results obtained showed a complex network of challenges with regard to the monitoring of assumptions of PNATER, so that in certain situations they realize adhesions and other differences. It was observed that the main factors that facilitated Empaer’s activities closer to Pnater’s guidelines were the awareness and willingness of family farmers in working with a more sustainable agriculture, the activities of training and experience of the extension workers, as well as your good relationship with farmers. On the other hand, the main restrictive aspects found refer to financial difficulties and human resources, insecurity in the marketing, the non-adherence of farmers in relation to the proposal and unsatisfactory conditions of work of extension workers. It was noted that the way to effectively achieve of the Law of ATER is still being built, because the Empaer only partially meets the objectives and guidelines aimed at Law, which can be interpreted as a moderate alignment of Empaer with the current ATER policy.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Assistência técnica, Política pública, Agricultura familiar, Desenvolvimento rural sustentável, Technical assistance, Public policy, Family farming, Sustainable rural development