Características acústicas da voz de falantes do português brasileiro nos diferentes ciclos da vida
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Data
2018-05-18
Autores
Spazzapan, Evelyn Alves [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: Mudanças vocais ocorrem nos diferentes ciclos da vida podendo ser refletidas em medidas acústicas. Objetivo: investigar características da produção vocal de falantes do português brasileiro (PB) nos diferentes ciclos da vida a partir de um conjunto de medidas acústicas. Método: Foram incluídas 526 gravações de falantes do PB com idades entre 5 e 93 anos. As vozes desses falantes foram julgadas com qualidade vocal adequada para a idade por meio do parâmetro G da escala GRBAS. As gravações foram divididas em 12 grupos etários (5 a 7 anos; 8 a 9; 10 a 11; 12; 13 a 15; 16 a 18; 19 a 29; 30 a 39; 40 a 49; 50 a 59; 60 a 69 e 70 a 93 anos). Foi realizada análise acústica, extraindo os parâmetros: Frequência Fundamental (F0), jitter, shimmer e Noise-to-Harmonic Ratio (NHR) por meio do software Multi Dimensional Voice Program. O teste Two-Way ANOVA foi utilizado para investigar possíveis diferenças entre os grupos etários seguido do teste post-hoc Sidak para cada sexo separadamente. Para comparação entre os sexos dentro de cada faixa etária foi realizado o teste t student para amostras independentes. Resultados: Houve diminuição gradativa da F0 da infância à terceira idade para as mulheres. Idosas (60-93 anos) apresentaram F0 mais baixa do que os grupos etários com idades até 19 a 29 anos (p<0,00). Nos homens houve diminuição de F0 até a idade de 13 a 15 anos (p<0,00) e, depois, a mesma manteve-se estável. Diferenças entre os sexos ocorreram a partir da idade de 12 anos, com valores de F0 mais altos para as mulheres do que homens (p<0,00). A medida de Jitter apresentou valores elevados em mulheres na infância em relação à população de idosas (p≤0,02). Houve ainda diminuição de jitter em idosas de 70 a 93 anos quando comparado com adolescentes (p<0,00). Jitter foi mais elevado na infância do que em adultos na população masculina (p≤0,02). Não houve diferenças entre adultos e idosos tanto para homens quanto para mulheres. Na comparação entre os sexos, mulheres apresentaram valores de Jitter maiores do que homens (p<0,00). A medida de Shimmer foi mais elevada na infância e na adolescência em mulheres do que em adultas e idosas (p≤0,01). Houve aumento de Shimmer em homens idosos de 70 a 93 anos em relação aos idosos de 60 a 69 anos (p<0,05), adolescentes de 16-18 anos e adultos (19-39 anos) (p<0,00). De forma geral, não houve diferenças entre sexos nesta medida. O parâmetro NHR se manteve estável nos diferentes ciclos da vida. Em relação ao sexo, homens apresentaram maior valor de NHR do que mulheres (p<0,04). Conclusão: Da infância a terceira idade ocorreram mudanças vocais que foram refletidas nas medidas acústicas de F0, jitter e shimmer. Em relação ao sexo, em todas as medidas investigadas, não foram observadas diferenças entre os resultados de homens e de mulheres na idade mais jovem. Já no grupo etário mais velho, essa diferença foi encontrada em todas as medidas.
Introduction: Vocal changes occur in life span and can be reflected in acoustic measurements. Objective: To investigate changes in acoustics measurements across life span in Brazilian Portuguese speakers. Methods: Voice samples of 526 Brazilian Portuguese speakers with age ranging from five to 93 years were analyzed. They had their voice judged with absence of dysphonia by three Speech-Language-Pathologists using the G parameter of the GRBAS scale. The recordings were distributed into 12 age groups (5-7 years, 8- 9; 10-11; 12; 13-15; 16-18; 19-29; 30-39; 40-49; 50-59; 60-69 and 70-93 years) for acoustic analysis. Fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer and Noise-to-Harmonic Ratio (NHR) were extracted using the computerized Multi Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP). The Two-Way ANOVA test was used to investigate differences for all age groups followed by Post hoc Sidak to evaluate measures in each gender separately. F0, jitter, shimmer and NHR for both genders in each age group was compared using t test. Results: F0 decreased from childhood to the elderly for females. Elderly female voices showed lower F0 than age groups up to 19-29 years (p<0.00). In males, F0 decreased until group aged from 13 to 15 years (p <0.00) and then it remained stable. Significant F0 differences between boys and girls began at the age of 12 years (p<0,00), with higher F0 for girls than boys. Jitter was higher in childhood than elderly for females (p≤0.02). A decrease in jitter was observed for 70 to 93 years females compared to adolescents (p <0.00). For males, jitter showed high values in childhood compared to adults (p≤0.02). There were no differences between adults and elderly in both genders. Females presented greater jitter than men (p <0.00). Shimmer measurement presented high values in childhood and adolescence compared to adults and elderly (p≤0,01) for females. For males it was observed an increase in the group of 70 to 93 years compared to elderly group of 60 to 69 years (p <0.05), adolescents and adults (19-39 years) (p<0,00). In general, there were no differences between genders for shimmer measures. The NHR measurement remained stable throughout the life span. Males had higher NHR values than women (p<0.04). Conclusion: Changes in acoustics measurements F0, jitter, shimmer and NHR occur throughout the life span. Concerning to gender, no differences were observed between male and females at younger age in all measures investigated. In the older age group, this difference was found in all measures.
Introduction: Vocal changes occur in life span and can be reflected in acoustic measurements. Objective: To investigate changes in acoustics measurements across life span in Brazilian Portuguese speakers. Methods: Voice samples of 526 Brazilian Portuguese speakers with age ranging from five to 93 years were analyzed. They had their voice judged with absence of dysphonia by three Speech-Language-Pathologists using the G parameter of the GRBAS scale. The recordings were distributed into 12 age groups (5-7 years, 8- 9; 10-11; 12; 13-15; 16-18; 19-29; 30-39; 40-49; 50-59; 60-69 and 70-93 years) for acoustic analysis. Fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer and Noise-to-Harmonic Ratio (NHR) were extracted using the computerized Multi Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP). The Two-Way ANOVA test was used to investigate differences for all age groups followed by Post hoc Sidak to evaluate measures in each gender separately. F0, jitter, shimmer and NHR for both genders in each age group was compared using t test. Results: F0 decreased from childhood to the elderly for females. Elderly female voices showed lower F0 than age groups up to 19-29 years (p<0.00). In males, F0 decreased until group aged from 13 to 15 years (p <0.00) and then it remained stable. Significant F0 differences between boys and girls began at the age of 12 years (p<0,00), with higher F0 for girls than boys. Jitter was higher in childhood than elderly for females (p≤0.02). A decrease in jitter was observed for 70 to 93 years females compared to adolescents (p <0.00). For males, jitter showed high values in childhood compared to adults (p≤0.02). There were no differences between adults and elderly in both genders. Females presented greater jitter than men (p <0.00). Shimmer measurement presented high values in childhood and adolescence compared to adults and elderly (p≤0,01) for females. For males it was observed an increase in the group of 70 to 93 years compared to elderly group of 60 to 69 years (p <0.05), adolescents and adults (19-39 years) (p<0,00). In general, there were no differences between genders for shimmer measures. The NHR measurement remained stable throughout the life span. Males had higher NHR values than women (p<0.04). Conclusion: Changes in acoustics measurements F0, jitter, shimmer and NHR occur throughout the life span. Concerning to gender, no differences were observed between male and females at younger age in all measures investigated. In the older age group, this difference was found in all measures.
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Palavras-chave
Voz, Acústica, Criança, Adolescente, Adulto, Idoso, Voice, Acoustic, Child, Adolescent, Adult, Aged