Estudo da Ocorrência de Isoflavonas em Resíduos da Cultura de Soja
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Data
2018-04-19
Autores
Carneiro, Ariadne Magalhães
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Aproximadamente 3,7 x 109 toneladas de resíduos agrícolas são produzidos anualmente no mundo. Por ser uma das grandes potências agrícolas atualmente, grandes quantidades de resíduos agrícolas são geradas constantemente no Brasil. Uma das principais culturas produzidas no país é a soja. Além de seu uso na pecuária, utilizada na alimentação animal, assim como para alimentação humana, a soja desperta grande interesse do ponto de vista farmacológico, por ser uma das principais fontes de isoflavonas, uma forma de fitoestrogênio, sendo umas das espécies listadas na RENISUS. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o perfil químico dos resíduos provenientes da cultura da soja (caules, folhas e vagens) por meio de uma abordagem analítica verde. Os extratos foram obtidos em triplicata por maceração dinâmica a 30 °C, com acetona e etanol, com e sem adição de ácido. O solvente acetonitrila foi utilizado como solvente de referência, pois é comumente empregado tanto para a extração como para a separação de isoflavonas presentes em grãos de soja. Os extratos foram analisados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a um espectrofotômetro de untravioleta/visível (HPLC-PAD/UV) e a comparação da eficiência de extração entre os solventes testados foi feita com base em número total de picos, área total sob os picos e rendimento da extração. Os solventes verdes etanol e acetona mostraram-se mais eficientes do que o solvente de referência acetonitrila. Posteriormente, uma estratégia de identificação de compostos em mistura, baseada em dados obtidos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a espectrometria de massas de alta resolução (HPLC-PDA/UV-ESI/TOF/MS) e em dados quimiotaxonômicos foi empregada. Foram identificadas as isoflavonas não glicosiladas daidzeína, genisteína e gliciteína, além da flavona apigenina, em resíduos de cultura de soja. Este trabalho sugere que isoflavonas e outros flavonóides poderiam ser obtidos de resíduos agrícolas da cultura de soja, amplamente disponíveis mundialmente, por meio de tecnologias verdes de extração e de análise.
Approximately 3.7 x 109 tonnes of agricultural waste is produced annually in the world. Because it is one of the great agricultural powers today, large amounts of agricultural residues are constantly generated in Brazil. One of the main crops produced in the country is soy. In addition to its use in livestock and human nutrition, the soybean awakes great interest from the pharmacological point of view, being one of the main sources of isoflavones, a form of phytoestrogen, being one of the species listed in RENISUS. The objective of this work was to investigate the chemical profile of residues from soybean (shoots, leaves and pods) using a green analytical approach. The extracts were obtained in triplicate by dynamic maceration at 30 ° C, with acetone and ethanol, with and without acid addition. The solvent acetonitrile was used as reference solvent, since it is commonly used both for the extraction and the separation of isoflavones present in soybean grains. The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an untraviolet/visible spectrophotometer (HPLC-PAD/UV) and the comparison of the extraction efficiency among the solvents tested was done based on total number of peaks, total area under peaks and extraction yield. The green solvents ethanol and acetone were more efficient than the reference solvent acetonitrile. Subsequently, a strategy for the identification of compounds in mixture, based on data obtained by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA/UV-ESI/TOF/MS) and chemotaxonomic data was used. The non-glycosylated isoflavones daidzein, genistein and glycitein, as well as flavone apigenin, were identified in soybean residue. This work suggests that isoflavones and other flavonoids could be obtained from soybean crop residues widely available worldwide through green extraction and analysis technologies.
Approximately 3.7 x 109 tonnes of agricultural waste is produced annually in the world. Because it is one of the great agricultural powers today, large amounts of agricultural residues are constantly generated in Brazil. One of the main crops produced in the country is soy. In addition to its use in livestock and human nutrition, the soybean awakes great interest from the pharmacological point of view, being one of the main sources of isoflavones, a form of phytoestrogen, being one of the species listed in RENISUS. The objective of this work was to investigate the chemical profile of residues from soybean (shoots, leaves and pods) using a green analytical approach. The extracts were obtained in triplicate by dynamic maceration at 30 ° C, with acetone and ethanol, with and without acid addition. The solvent acetonitrile was used as reference solvent, since it is commonly used both for the extraction and the separation of isoflavones present in soybean grains. The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an untraviolet/visible spectrophotometer (HPLC-PAD/UV) and the comparison of the extraction efficiency among the solvents tested was done based on total number of peaks, total area under peaks and extraction yield. The green solvents ethanol and acetone were more efficient than the reference solvent acetonitrile. Subsequently, a strategy for the identification of compounds in mixture, based on data obtained by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA/UV-ESI/TOF/MS) and chemotaxonomic data was used. The non-glycosylated isoflavones daidzein, genistein and glycitein, as well as flavone apigenin, were identified in soybean residue. This work suggests that isoflavones and other flavonoids could be obtained from soybean crop residues widely available worldwide through green extraction and analysis technologies.
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Palavras-chave
Isoflavona, Soja, Resíduo agrícola, Química Verde, Solventes verdes, Isoflavone, Soy, Agricultural waste, Green Chemistry, Green Solvents