Atributos físicos do solo, crescimento e produtividade de cana-de-açúcar em solos submetidos à escarificação
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2018-05-24
Autores
Melo, Nilvan Carvalho
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No período de reforma do canavial, em geral, o preparo do solo para o plantio é realizado em área total, visando promover melhor desenvolvimento do sistema radicular. Todavia, a realização desta prática provoca alterações na estrutura do solo, em função do tráfego de máquinas agrícolas desde a etapa de preparo do solo até a colheita, podendo comprometer o crescimento e a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar. Assim, com este estudo, objetivou-se: i - avaliar o crescimento e a produtividade de colmos da cana-de-açúcar cultivada em Latossolo e Argissolo, submetidos à escarificação em linha de plantio e em área total e ii - avaliar os efeitos do local da escarificação sobre os atributos físicos do solo e sua relação com a produtividade de colmos e a qualidade da cana-de-açúcar, cultivada em Latossolo e Argissolo, seis meses após o plantio. O delineamento experimental foi em parcelas grandes pareadas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de dois locais de escarificação do solo: escarificação na linha de plantio (ELP) e escarificação em área total (EAT), em Latossolo e em Argissolo, localizados nos municípios de Guariba e Monte Alto, respectivamente. Para atender ao primeiro objetivo, avaliou-se o número de perfilhos, o número de folhas verdes e mortas por planta, a área foliar, o índice de área foliar, a altura da planta e a massa seca dos colmos, folhas, ponteiro e total, sendo estas mensuradas em seis avaliações durante o ciclo da cultura. O Argissolo submetido à ELP interferiu no perfilhamento da cultura, apresentando aos 115 DAP quando estavam acumulados aproximadamente 1519 graus-dia, em diante menor número de perfilhos comparado com o mesmo solo submetido à EAT. O preparo do solo com a escarificação na linha de plantio pode ser substituído pelo preparo com a escarificação em área total, uma vez que o crescimento e a produtividade de colmos da cana-de-açúcar foram semelhantes independentemente do local da operação de escarificação. Para atender ao segundo objetivo, foram determinados os teores de areia, silte e argila; os atributos físicos do solo: resistência do solo à penetração (RP), densidade do solo (Ds), porosidade total (Pt), macroporosidade (MaP) e microporosidade (MiP), bem como os atributos da planta, como a produtividade de colmos e o açúcar total recuperável (ATR), seis meses após o plantio. A partir do conjunto de dados obtidos, realizou-se uma análise fatorial multivariada com extração dos fatores pelo método da análise de componentes principais. O primeiro fator (Fator 1) foi formado pelos atributos microporosidade (MiP), argila e areia. Os atributos resistência do solo à penetração (RP), densidade do solo (Ds) e macroporosidade (MaP) foram responsáveis pela formação do segundo fator (Fator 2). O preparo do solo com a escarificação na linha de plantio pode ser substituído pelo preparo com a escarificação em área total, uma vez que a produtividade de colmos e o açúcar total recuperável da cana-de-açúcar foram semelhantes independentemente do local da operação de escarificação, apresentando condições físicas semelhantes para os dois solos estudados.
In the period of sugarcane field reform, soil tillage for planting is generally carried out in total area in order to promote a better root system development. However, this agricultural practice causes changes in soil structure due to the traffic of agricultural machinery from soil tillage to harvesting, which may compromise growth and productivity of sugarcane. The aim of this study was to: i – assess the growth and productivity of sugarcane stalks cultivated in an Oxisol and Ultisol undergoing chiseling in the planting row and in the total area; and ii) assess the effects of the chiseling site on soil physical attributes and their relation with stalk productivity and sugarcane quality six months after planting in an Oxisol and Ultisol. The experimental design was a large paired-plot design with treatments consisting of chiseling in the planting row (CPR) and chiseling in total area (CTA) in an Oxisol and Ultisol located in Guariba and Monte Alto, respectively. In order to meet the first objective, the number of tillers, number of green and dead leaves per plant, leaf area, leaf area index, plant height, and dry matter of stems, leaves, pointer, and total were measured in six assessments during the crop cycle. The Ultisol undergoing CPR interfered with crop tillering, presenting the lowest number of tillers at 115 DAP when approximately 1519 degree-days were accumulated when compared to the same soil undergoing CTA. Soil tillage with chiseling in the planting row may be replaced by the tillage with chiseling in total area since growth and productivity of sugarcane stalks were similar regardless of the site of the chiseling operation. To meet the second objective, the soil attributes sand, silt, and clay contents, soil penetration resistance (PR), soil bulk density (Ds), total porosity (Pt), macroporosity (MaP), and microporosity (MiP), as well as the plant attributes stalk productivity and total recoverable sugar (TRS), were determined six months after planting. From the obtained dataset, a multivariate factor analysis was performed with factor extraction by the principal components analysis method. The first factor (Factor 1) was composed by the attributes microporosity (MiP), clay, and sand. The attributes soil penetration resistance (PR), soil density (Ds), and macroporosity (MaP) were responsible for composing the second factor (Factor 2). Soil tillage with chiseling in the planting row may be replaced by the tillage with chiseling in total area since stalk productivity and the total recoverable sugar of sugarcane were similar regardless of the chiseling operation site, with similar physical conditions for both studied soils.
In the period of sugarcane field reform, soil tillage for planting is generally carried out in total area in order to promote a better root system development. However, this agricultural practice causes changes in soil structure due to the traffic of agricultural machinery from soil tillage to harvesting, which may compromise growth and productivity of sugarcane. The aim of this study was to: i – assess the growth and productivity of sugarcane stalks cultivated in an Oxisol and Ultisol undergoing chiseling in the planting row and in the total area; and ii) assess the effects of the chiseling site on soil physical attributes and their relation with stalk productivity and sugarcane quality six months after planting in an Oxisol and Ultisol. The experimental design was a large paired-plot design with treatments consisting of chiseling in the planting row (CPR) and chiseling in total area (CTA) in an Oxisol and Ultisol located in Guariba and Monte Alto, respectively. In order to meet the first objective, the number of tillers, number of green and dead leaves per plant, leaf area, leaf area index, plant height, and dry matter of stems, leaves, pointer, and total were measured in six assessments during the crop cycle. The Ultisol undergoing CPR interfered with crop tillering, presenting the lowest number of tillers at 115 DAP when approximately 1519 degree-days were accumulated when compared to the same soil undergoing CTA. Soil tillage with chiseling in the planting row may be replaced by the tillage with chiseling in total area since growth and productivity of sugarcane stalks were similar regardless of the site of the chiseling operation. To meet the second objective, the soil attributes sand, silt, and clay contents, soil penetration resistance (PR), soil bulk density (Ds), total porosity (Pt), macroporosity (MaP), and microporosity (MiP), as well as the plant attributes stalk productivity and total recoverable sugar (TRS), were determined six months after planting. From the obtained dataset, a multivariate factor analysis was performed with factor extraction by the principal components analysis method. The first factor (Factor 1) was composed by the attributes microporosity (MiP), clay, and sand. The attributes soil penetration resistance (PR), soil density (Ds), and macroporosity (MaP) were responsible for composing the second factor (Factor 2). Soil tillage with chiseling in the planting row may be replaced by the tillage with chiseling in total area since stalk productivity and the total recoverable sugar of sugarcane were similar regardless of the chiseling operation site, with similar physical conditions for both studied soils.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Argissolo, Latossolo, Saccharum sp., Manejo do solo, Preparo mínimo