Emergência e desenvolvimento de portaenxertos cítricos em função do uso de substratos
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Data
2018-05-09
Autores
Liberato, Érica Maria Sauer
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As propriedades físicas e químicas dos substratos são fatores que podem influenciar no desenvolvimento de mudas cítricas. Objetivou-se verificar o quanto as proporções de mistura influenciam no desenvolvimento de portaenxertos cítricos até a fase de enxertia e vir a ser novas formulações para citros. O presente trabalho foi dividido em dois experimentos, sendo realizados no viveiro da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Ciência Florestal, em Botucatu - SP. No experimento 1, avaliou-se o desenvolvimento do portaenxerto citrumeleiro ‘Swingle’ em substratos com as seguintes composições: substrato comercial granulometria fina (1); substrato comercial granulometria superfina (2); substrato 50% turfa sphagnum, 30% vermiculita fina, 20% casca de arroz (3); substrato 50% turfa sphagnum, 30% vermiculita superfina, 20% casca de arroz (4); substrato 50% turfa sphagnum, 20% vermiculita fina, 30% casca de arroz (5); substrato 50% turfa sphagnum, 20% vermiculita superfina, 30% casca de arroz (6). Este experimento foi subdividido em duas fases: sementeira (fase 1) e viveiro (fase 2). Na fase 1, o delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com seis combinações de substrato, quatro repetições e 51 plantas por parcela experimental. Quando as plantas estavam aptas ao transplantio para sacolas, foram analisadas ao acaso, 8 plantas por tratamento. Na fase 2, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, tendo-se seis substratos com quatro repetições, compostas por vinte plantas. A cada 28 dias, coletaram-se 3 plantas por repetição para análises de crescimento. Concluiu-se que os substratos com 30% de casca de arroz não são satisfatórios para o desenvolvimento do citrumeleiro ‘Swingle’. Os substratos 1 (comercial granulometria fina), 2 (comercial granulometria superfina) e 4 (50% turfa sphagnum, 30% vermiculita superfina, 20% casca de arroz), proporcionaram melhor desenvolvimento do portaenxerto, diante do manejo empregado. No experimento 2, avaliou-se a diferença granulométrica da vermiculita, fina e superfina, na formação inicial dos portaenxertos: laranjeira ‘Azeda’ (Citrus aurantium L.), tangerineira ‘Sunki’ (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tan.), limoeiro ‘Volkameriano’ (Citrus volkameriana Pasq.) e tangerineira ‘Cleópatra’ (Citrus reshni Hort ex Tan.). Utilizaram-se substratos nas seguintes proporções: substrato 50% turfa sphagnum, 20% vermiculita fina, 30% casca de arroz (1) e substrato 50% turfa sphagnum, 20% vermiculita superfina, 30% casca de arroz (2). O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4x2 (portaenxerto x substrato), contendo 4 repetições, com 20 plantas. Avaliaram-se a porcentagem de emergência ao longo do tempo e as variáveis biométricas aos 120 dias após a semeadura. O substrato com vermiculita fina obteve os melhores resultados. A granulometria influencia as características físicas do substrato e consequentemente, interfere na disponibilidade de água e ar, sendo necessário ajuste na nutrição e frequência de irrigação de acordo com cada cultivar.
The physical and chemical properties of substrates are factors that can influence some development of citrus seedlings. It was verified how much these proportions of mixture can influence the development of ‘Swingle’ citrumelo rootstock until grafting and if it can be new formulations for citrus. The present work was divided in two experiments, being realized in the plants nursery of the São Paulo State University, Department of Foresty Science in Botucatu-SP. In experiment 1, the development of the ‘Swingle’ citrumelo rootstock on substrates with the following compositions: commercial substrate granulometry fine (1); commercial substrate granulometry superfine (2), Substrate 50% peat moss, 30% vermiculite fine, 20% rice husk (3); Substrate 50% peat moss, 30% vermiculite superfine, 20% rice husk (4); Substrate 50% peat moss, 20% vermiculite fine, 30% rice husk (5); Substrate 50% peat moss, 20% vermiculite superfine, 30% rice husk (6). The experiment 1 was subdivided into two phases: sowing period (period 1) and seedlings nursery (period 2). The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design in 6 x 4, with 51 plants per replications in the period 1. It was analysed eight plants per repetition when the plants are able to transplant for containers. The second period was arranged in a completely randomized design, with 6 substrates types, 4 repetitions composed by 20 plants. Every 28 days were collected 3 plants per repetition for analyses. It was concluded the substrates with 30% rice husk weren’t satisfactory for the development of 'Swingle' citrumeleiro. The substrates 1 (commercial substrate granulometry fine), 2 (commercial substrate granulometry superfine) and 4 (Substrate 50% peat moss, 30% vermiculite superfine, 20% rice husk) provided a better development of the rootstock until grafting period, according to the management used. In the second experiment, it was evaluated if the granulometric difference of vermiculite in fine and superfine, can influence in the initial formation of the rootstocks: 'Azeda' orange (Citrus aurantium L.), ‘Sunki’ tangerine (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tan.), ‘Volkameriano’ lemon (Citrus volkameriana Pasq.) e ‘Cleopatra’ tangerine (Citrus reshni Hort ex Tan.), in two proportions of substrates: substrate 50% peat moss, 20% vermiculite fine, 30% rice husk and substrate 50% peat moss, 20% vermiculite superfine, 30% rice husk. A randomized blocks design in factorial scheme 4x2 (rootstocks x substrates) with 4 repetitions composed by 20 plants. It was analysed percentage of emergence and biometric variables at 120 days after sowing. The substrate with vermiculite fine had the best results. The granulometry of the mixture influences the physical characteristics of the substrate and consequently interfere in the availability of water and air, thereby it’s necessary to nutrient adjustment and frequency of irrigation according to each cultivar.
The physical and chemical properties of substrates are factors that can influence some development of citrus seedlings. It was verified how much these proportions of mixture can influence the development of ‘Swingle’ citrumelo rootstock until grafting and if it can be new formulations for citrus. The present work was divided in two experiments, being realized in the plants nursery of the São Paulo State University, Department of Foresty Science in Botucatu-SP. In experiment 1, the development of the ‘Swingle’ citrumelo rootstock on substrates with the following compositions: commercial substrate granulometry fine (1); commercial substrate granulometry superfine (2), Substrate 50% peat moss, 30% vermiculite fine, 20% rice husk (3); Substrate 50% peat moss, 30% vermiculite superfine, 20% rice husk (4); Substrate 50% peat moss, 20% vermiculite fine, 30% rice husk (5); Substrate 50% peat moss, 20% vermiculite superfine, 30% rice husk (6). The experiment 1 was subdivided into two phases: sowing period (period 1) and seedlings nursery (period 2). The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design in 6 x 4, with 51 plants per replications in the period 1. It was analysed eight plants per repetition when the plants are able to transplant for containers. The second period was arranged in a completely randomized design, with 6 substrates types, 4 repetitions composed by 20 plants. Every 28 days were collected 3 plants per repetition for analyses. It was concluded the substrates with 30% rice husk weren’t satisfactory for the development of 'Swingle' citrumeleiro. The substrates 1 (commercial substrate granulometry fine), 2 (commercial substrate granulometry superfine) and 4 (Substrate 50% peat moss, 30% vermiculite superfine, 20% rice husk) provided a better development of the rootstock until grafting period, according to the management used. In the second experiment, it was evaluated if the granulometric difference of vermiculite in fine and superfine, can influence in the initial formation of the rootstocks: 'Azeda' orange (Citrus aurantium L.), ‘Sunki’ tangerine (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tan.), ‘Volkameriano’ lemon (Citrus volkameriana Pasq.) e ‘Cleopatra’ tangerine (Citrus reshni Hort ex Tan.), in two proportions of substrates: substrate 50% peat moss, 20% vermiculite fine, 30% rice husk and substrate 50% peat moss, 20% vermiculite superfine, 30% rice husk. A randomized blocks design in factorial scheme 4x2 (rootstocks x substrates) with 4 repetitions composed by 20 plants. It was analysed percentage of emergence and biometric variables at 120 days after sowing. The substrate with vermiculite fine had the best results. The granulometry of the mixture influences the physical characteristics of the substrate and consequently interfere in the availability of water and air, thereby it’s necessary to nutrient adjustment and frequency of irrigation according to each cultivar.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Casca de arroz torrefada, Vermiculita, Turfa sphagnum, Viveiro, Muda cítrica, Citrus spp.