Cenários ambientais e percepção da população quanto ao vetor Aedes aegypti
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Data
2018-06-11
Autores
Pereira, Leyde Emanuelle Costa
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nas últimas décadas, a incidência global das arboviroses transmitidas pelo vetor Aedes aegypti aumentou drasticamente com o aumento da mobilidade e urbanização humanas. O estudo da população de mosquitos é de grande importância para a saúde pública em países onde as condições climáticas e ambientais são favoráveis à propagação destas doenças transmitidas pelo Aedes aegypti. Portanto, este trabalho caracterizou o risco ambiental e social ao vetor Aedes aegypti, por meio da avaliação da percepção, conhecimento/práticas revelados por moradores de duas localidades classificadas como de vulnerabilidade muito baixa e vulnerabilidade média no município de Fernandópolis, SP. Para isso foram realizadas visitas em 435 residências em dois bairros, de forma aleatória (Centro e Cohab Bernardo Pessuto). A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação de um roteiro nas residências dos entrevistados. Estes dados caracterizaram os padrões ambientais, a percepção quanto ao vetor e às doenças, o conhecimento e os cuidados da população entrevistada com relação ao Aedes aegypti, como também os níveis socioeconômicos. As respostas foram analisadas por estatísticas descritivas. A análise de correspondência avaliou as variáveis que correspondiam à presença do vetor e da doença em cada região, já a análise de regressão confirmou a significância de cada região estudada para persistência do vetor e a doença. As duas regiões foram georreferenciadas e as variáveis, como presença de mosquitos, casos de dengue, presença de vasos dentro e fora das casas, obtidas a partir dos roteiros de perguntas, resultaram em mapas temáticos para melhor percepção quanto à assiduidade do vetor na região. Os padrões ambientais foram caracterizados por área externa de tamanho pequeno e pelo elevado número de recipientes, sendo vasos, mangueiras de jardim, pisos/materiais e bebedouro de cão/gato os mais presentes nas residências. Quanto ao período de eliminação dos focos e das larvas do vetor, os resultados mostraram falhas nas atitudes e no conhecimento da população. Os padrões socioeconômicos e culturais dos entrevistados das duas regiões mostraram ser caracterizados por grau de escolaridade fundamental incompleto e acesso a informação principalmente pela televisão e agentes de saúde. Destacaram-se na região 1e 2 as variáveis vacinados, escolaridade e a própria localização do bairro com maior significância para persistência do vetor na região. O estudo indicou que um dos meios mais efetivos para o controle do vetor Aedes aegypti é a atuação de uma sociedade informada sobre medidas preventivas junto aos setores de vigilância
In the last decades, the global incidence of arboviruses transmitted by the vector Aedes aegypty has increased dramatically with the increase of human mobility and urbanization. The study of the mosquito population is of great importance for public health in countries where climatic and environmental conditions are favorable for the spread of these diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti. Therefore, this work characterized the environmental and social risk to the Aedes aegypti vector, through the evaluation of the perception, knowledge/practices revealed by residents of two localities classified as very low vulnerability and medium vulnerability in the municipality of Fernandopolis, SP. For this purpose, visits were made to 435 residences in two districts, at random (Centro and Cohab Bernardo Pessuto). The data collection was performed through the application of a script of interviews in the homes of the interviewees. The data characterized the environmental patterns, perceptions regarding the vector and the diseases, knowledge and care of population interviewed regarding Aedes aegypti, as well as socioeconomic levels. Responses were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The correspondence analysis evaluated the variables that corresponded to the presence of the vector and the disease in each region, and the regression analysis confirmed the significance of each region studied for vector tenacity and disease. The two regions were georeferenced and variables such as presence of mosquitoes, dengue cases, presence of vessels in thematic maps to better perceive the assiduity of the vector in the region. Environmental standards were characterized by small external area and by the high number of containers, being pots, garden hoses, floors/materials and dog/cat water fountain, the most present in the residences. Regarding the period of elimination of the outbreaks and larvae of the vector, the results showed a lack of attitudes and knowledge of the population. The socioeconomic and cultural patterns of the interviewees of the regions were characterized by degree of incomplete fundamental education and access to information mainly by television and health agents. The variables vaccinated, schooling and the location of the neighborhood with greater significance for vector persistence in the region were highlighted in region1 and 2. The study indicated that one of the most effective means to control the Aedes aegypti vector is a society informed about preventive measures in the surveillance sectors
In the last decades, the global incidence of arboviruses transmitted by the vector Aedes aegypty has increased dramatically with the increase of human mobility and urbanization. The study of the mosquito population is of great importance for public health in countries where climatic and environmental conditions are favorable for the spread of these diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti. Therefore, this work characterized the environmental and social risk to the Aedes aegypti vector, through the evaluation of the perception, knowledge/practices revealed by residents of two localities classified as very low vulnerability and medium vulnerability in the municipality of Fernandopolis, SP. For this purpose, visits were made to 435 residences in two districts, at random (Centro and Cohab Bernardo Pessuto). The data collection was performed through the application of a script of interviews in the homes of the interviewees. The data characterized the environmental patterns, perceptions regarding the vector and the diseases, knowledge and care of population interviewed regarding Aedes aegypti, as well as socioeconomic levels. Responses were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The correspondence analysis evaluated the variables that corresponded to the presence of the vector and the disease in each region, and the regression analysis confirmed the significance of each region studied for vector tenacity and disease. The two regions were georeferenced and variables such as presence of mosquitoes, dengue cases, presence of vessels in thematic maps to better perceive the assiduity of the vector in the region. Environmental standards were characterized by small external area and by the high number of containers, being pots, garden hoses, floors/materials and dog/cat water fountain, the most present in the residences. Regarding the period of elimination of the outbreaks and larvae of the vector, the results showed a lack of attitudes and knowledge of the population. The socioeconomic and cultural patterns of the interviewees of the regions were characterized by degree of incomplete fundamental education and access to information mainly by television and health agents. The variables vaccinated, schooling and the location of the neighborhood with greater significance for vector persistence in the region were highlighted in region1 and 2. The study indicated that one of the most effective means to control the Aedes aegypti vector is a society informed about preventive measures in the surveillance sectors
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Conhecimento do vetor, Vector knowledge, Controle de vetores, Controle de risco, Participação comunitária, Vector control, Risk control, Community participation