Sistema nanocarreador de zeina para compostos bioativos (óleo de menta, cipermetrina, clorpirifós e amitraz) visando controle do carrapato bovino
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Data
2018-05-21
Autores
Proença, Patrícia Luiza de Freitas
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Rhipicephalus microplus, popularmente conhecido como carrapato do boi, é um dos ectoparasitas de maior importância a pecuária mundial, pois além dos transtornos causados aos animais, geram prejuízos que, somente no Brasil são da ordem de 3 bilhões de dólares anuais, sendo, portanto, umas das doenças parasitárias de maior impacto econômico. Há diferentes famílias de carrapaticidas (grupos químicos) atualmente no mercado com formas de ação e maneiras de aplicação diferentes. O uso excessivo e indiscriminado de químicos para o controle dos carrapatos trouxe preocupações permanentes para o produtor, como o desenvolvimento de resistência aos carrapaticidas e para a sociedade a preocupação com a contaminação da carne, leite e ambiente com resíduos químicos. Com o objetivo de diminuir o uso desses produtos químicos e seus resíduos no meio ambiente, novas tecnologias e novos produtos têm sido desenvolvidos. Isso inclui o estudo de óleos essenciais que são muito menos agressivos ao meio ambiente, bem como o uso da nanotecnologia, que pode ser capaz de potencializar o efeito dos carrapaticidas sintéticos, resultando na utilização de menores quantidades. Aliado a isto, o desenvolvimento de nanopartículas diminuem os impactos causados por estes produtos e aumentam a sua eficácia pois superam as limitações de ambos. Neste estudo foram preparadas e caracterizadas nanopartículas de zeína contendo óleo de menta e nanopartículas de zeína com óleo de menta e duas combinações de carrapaticidas químicos (cipermetrina e clorpirifós) e (amitraz e clorpirifós). As propriedades físico-químicas das formulações, como, pH, diâmetro hidrodinâmico, polidispersão, potencial zeta e eficiência de encapsulação foram analisadas em função do tempo (0-60 dias). A eficiência de encapsulação obtida foi bastante satisfatória, ficando em torno de 99,9 % para todos os ativos. As nanopartículas de zeína preparadas neste estudo apresentaram um tamanho médio inicial compreendido entre 207 e 283 nm, um índice de polidispersão de 0,168 a 0,256 e potencial zeta de -16 a +60 mV. Análises de DSC e FTIR evidenciam interações entre os componentes das nanopartículas e os ativos e as micrografias feitas por AFM mostram que as nanopartículas se apresentam esféricas. As nanoformulações com óleo de menta e as combinações de ativos químicos permaneceram viáveis pelo tempo de armazenamento de 60 dias, o que demonstra que a zeína pode ser uma boa alternativa para o carreamento destas combinações de ativos.
The Rhipicephalus microplus, popularly known as the ox tick, is one of the ectoparasites with most importance in the world cattle breeding. Aside from the disorders caused to the animals, it is considered one of the parasitic diseases with the greatest economic impact. There are various carrapaticid families on the market (chemical groups) with different forms of action and ways of application. The excessive and indiscriminate use of chemicals for tick control develops concerns to the producer, such as the development of resistance to ticks to ticks and to society with the chemical residues in meat and milk as well as the environment. In order to reduce the use of these chemicals and their residues in the environment, new technologies and new products have been developed. This includes the study of essential oils that are far less aggressive to the environment and the use of nanotechnologies that improve performance by using much smaller amounts of these chemicals. Allied to this, the development of nanoparticles diminishes the impacts caused by these products and increase their effectiveness as they overcome the limitations of both. In this study zein nanoparticles containing mint oil and zein nanoparticles with peppermint oil and two combinations of chemical acaricides (cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos) and (amitraz and chlorpyrifos) were prepared and characterized. The physico-chemical properties of the colloidal suspensions, such as diameter, polydispersity, zeta potential, pH and encapsulation efficiency were evaluated as a function of time (0-60 days). The efficiency of encapsulation achieved was quite satisfactory, being around 99.9% for all assets. The zein nanoparticles prepared in this study had a mean initial size between 207 and 283 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.168 to 0.256 and zeta potential of -16 to +60 mV. Nanoformulations with peppermint oil and combinations of chemical actives remained viable for storage time over than 60 days. DSC and FTIR analyzes showed the interactions between nanoparticle and active components and AFM showed that nanoparticles are sphericalNanoformulations with peppermint oil and combinations of chemical actives remained viable for a storage time of 60 days, which demonstrates that zein may be a good alternative for carrying these combinations of actives.
The Rhipicephalus microplus, popularly known as the ox tick, is one of the ectoparasites with most importance in the world cattle breeding. Aside from the disorders caused to the animals, it is considered one of the parasitic diseases with the greatest economic impact. There are various carrapaticid families on the market (chemical groups) with different forms of action and ways of application. The excessive and indiscriminate use of chemicals for tick control develops concerns to the producer, such as the development of resistance to ticks to ticks and to society with the chemical residues in meat and milk as well as the environment. In order to reduce the use of these chemicals and their residues in the environment, new technologies and new products have been developed. This includes the study of essential oils that are far less aggressive to the environment and the use of nanotechnologies that improve performance by using much smaller amounts of these chemicals. Allied to this, the development of nanoparticles diminishes the impacts caused by these products and increase their effectiveness as they overcome the limitations of both. In this study zein nanoparticles containing mint oil and zein nanoparticles with peppermint oil and two combinations of chemical acaricides (cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos) and (amitraz and chlorpyrifos) were prepared and characterized. The physico-chemical properties of the colloidal suspensions, such as diameter, polydispersity, zeta potential, pH and encapsulation efficiency were evaluated as a function of time (0-60 days). The efficiency of encapsulation achieved was quite satisfactory, being around 99.9% for all assets. The zein nanoparticles prepared in this study had a mean initial size between 207 and 283 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.168 to 0.256 and zeta potential of -16 to +60 mV. Nanoformulations with peppermint oil and combinations of chemical actives remained viable for storage time over than 60 days. DSC and FTIR analyzes showed the interactions between nanoparticle and active components and AFM showed that nanoparticles are sphericalNanoformulations with peppermint oil and combinations of chemical actives remained viable for a storage time of 60 days, which demonstrates that zein may be a good alternative for carrying these combinations of actives.
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Palavras-chave
Nanopartículas, Zeína, Amitraz, Cipermetrina, Clorpirifós, Óleo de menta, Nanoparticles, Zein, Amitraz, Cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos, Mint oil