Estabelecimento de bananeira (Musa sp.) em solo degradado
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Data
2018-04-06
Autores
Oliveira, Jéssica Alves de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O solo degradado em estudo originou-se pela retirada da sua camada superficial, que compreende a vegetação, a matéria orgânica, os nutrientes e os microrganismos, cujos processos são essenciais para o solo ser considerado produtivo. Sua recuperação é importante para manter o equilíbrio da biodiversidade de flora e fauna e protege-lo contra a erosão, entre outros fatores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o condicionamento do subsolo pela adição de cinza de biomassa de cana-de-açúcar, da inoculação de fungo micorrízico arbuscular (FMA – Glomus clarum) e da inoculação de fungos e de bactéria solubilizadores de fosfato, buscando uma técnica para a recuperação de solos degradados. A bananeira (Musa sp. cv. Mysore) foi utilizada como planta indicadora para as modificações que ocorreram no solo. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 3 + 2, com 4 repetições por tratamento, totalizando 12 tratamentos, com 4 repetições (bloco). O primeiro fator foi com e sem inoculação de FMA, o segundo foi com e sem adição de cinza proveniente da queima do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, o terceiro foi com e sem inoculação de fungos e de bactéria solubilizadores de fosfato, e dois tratamentos adicionais, área conservada de Cerrado (SCRC) e área degradada sem intervenção (ADSI). Após 67 e 274 dias do plantio foram avaliados os atributos químicos e microbiológicos do solo na camada de 0,0 a 0,10 m, além da altura, do diâmetro, do índice relativo de clorofila e do P total foliar das plantas. A adição de cinza elevou o pH, o teor de bases, o valor do V% e reduziu os teores de Al. Aumentou, ainda, o número de esporos de FMA, a taxa respiratória do solo, o teor de carbono da biomassa microbiana e o quociente microbiano, e diminuiu o quociente metabólico. A bactéria solubilizadora de fosfato melhorou os atributos químicos e microbiológicos do solo, principalmente quando associada à adição de cinza e à inoculação de FMA. A inoculação de FMA aumentou a absorção de P pelas plantas. A adição de cinza juntamente com a inoculação de fungos solubilizadores de fosfato elevou a fertilidade e a atividade microbiológica do solo a longo prazo (274 dias). Em comparação ao solo da ADSI e do SCRC, a adição de cinza juntamente com a inoculação da bactéria solubilizadora de fosfato, mostrou ser o tratamento mais promissor.
The degraded soil under study originated by the removal of the superficial layer, which includes vegetation, organic matter, nutrients and microorganisms, whose processes are essential for the soil to be considered productive. Its recovery is important to maintain the balance of biodiversity of flora and fauna and protect it against erosion, among other factors. The objective of this work was the subsoil conditioning by the addition of sugarcane biomass ash, the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF - Glomus clarum) and the inoculation of fungi and bacteria phosphate solubilizers, searching for a technique for recovery of degraded soils. The banana plants (Musa sp. cv. Mysore) was used as an indicator plant for the changes that occurred in the soil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with a 2 x 2 x 3 +2 factorial scheme, with 4 replicates per treatment, in a total of 12 treatments, with 4 replicates (block). The first factor was with and without AMF inoculation, the second was with and without ash added from the burning of sugarcane bagasse, the third was with and without inoculation of fungi and bacteria phosphate solubilizers and two controls area, Cerrado conservation area (CCAR) and degraded area without intervention (DAWI). After 67 and 274 days of planting, the soil chemical and microbiological attributes were evaluated in the 0.0 to 0.10 m layer, as well as the height, diameter, relative chlorophyll index, and total leaf P. The addition of ash increased the pH, the bases content, the V% value and reduced the Al levels. Also increased the number of AMF spores, soil respiration rate, carbon content of microbial biomass and the microbial quotient, and decreased the metabolic quotient. Phosphate solubilizer bacteria improved the chemical and microbiological attributes of the soil, especially when associated with the addition of ash and the inoculation of AMF. AMF inoculation increased the uptake of P by plants. The addition of ash along with the inoculation of phosphate solubilizer fungi increases fertility and soil microbiological activity in the long term (274 days). Compared to CCAR and DAWI soil, the addition of ash along with inoculation of the phosphate solubilizer bacteria proved to be the most promising treatment.
The degraded soil under study originated by the removal of the superficial layer, which includes vegetation, organic matter, nutrients and microorganisms, whose processes are essential for the soil to be considered productive. Its recovery is important to maintain the balance of biodiversity of flora and fauna and protect it against erosion, among other factors. The objective of this work was the subsoil conditioning by the addition of sugarcane biomass ash, the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF - Glomus clarum) and the inoculation of fungi and bacteria phosphate solubilizers, searching for a technique for recovery of degraded soils. The banana plants (Musa sp. cv. Mysore) was used as an indicator plant for the changes that occurred in the soil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with a 2 x 2 x 3 +2 factorial scheme, with 4 replicates per treatment, in a total of 12 treatments, with 4 replicates (block). The first factor was with and without AMF inoculation, the second was with and without ash added from the burning of sugarcane bagasse, the third was with and without inoculation of fungi and bacteria phosphate solubilizers and two controls area, Cerrado conservation area (CCAR) and degraded area without intervention (DAWI). After 67 and 274 days of planting, the soil chemical and microbiological attributes were evaluated in the 0.0 to 0.10 m layer, as well as the height, diameter, relative chlorophyll index, and total leaf P. The addition of ash increased the pH, the bases content, the V% value and reduced the Al levels. Also increased the number of AMF spores, soil respiration rate, carbon content of microbial biomass and the microbial quotient, and decreased the metabolic quotient. Phosphate solubilizer bacteria improved the chemical and microbiological attributes of the soil, especially when associated with the addition of ash and the inoculation of AMF. AMF inoculation increased the uptake of P by plants. The addition of ash along with the inoculation of phosphate solubilizer fungi increases fertility and soil microbiological activity in the long term (274 days). Compared to CCAR and DAWI soil, the addition of ash along with inoculation of the phosphate solubilizer bacteria proved to be the most promising treatment.
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Palavras-chave
Cinza de biomassa, Micorriza arbuscular, Solubilizador de fosfato, Recuperação, Biomass ash, Arbuscular mycorrhizal, Phosphate solubilizer, Recovery