Assistência e modernidade nos boletins da Legião Brasileira de Assistência (1945-1964)
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Data
2018-06-29
Autores
Silva, Bruno Sanches Mariante da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho, alinhando-se aos estudos de História da Assistência Social no Brasil, visa analisar as relações tecidas entre a Legião Brasileira de Assistência (LBA) e os discursos acerca da modernidade que ganhavam franco espaço no Brasil no período de 1945 – 1964. O país experimentava um interim democrático e fortes representações acerca da modernização do país e dos costumes. A LBA foi fundada em 28 de agosto de 1942 no contexto de recrutamento de homens para comporem a Força Expedicionária Brasileira que lutaria na Europa durante a Segunda Guerra, trazendo, portanto, como principal função o amparo às famílias dos soldados que estavam em combate em território europeu. Após a guerra, a LBA (só seria extinta em 1995) passou a dedicar-se unicamente à assistência à infância e à maternidade. Criada pela primeira-dama Darcy Vargas, foi tradicionalmente presidida pelas primeiras-damas brasileiras, acionando o importante argumento do protagonismo feminino nas ações de assistência social, bem como relevantes questões de gênero, que também são examinadas no trabalho. A análise a respeito das ações da LBA pauta-se fundamentalmente no escrutínio de edições do Boletim da Legião Brasileira de Assistência, sua publicação oficial fundada em 1945 e encarregada de divulgar preceitos de puericultura, pediatria e cuidados em geral, além das campanhas e ações da entidade. Desse modo, a problemática central na presente tese é acerca das maneiras como a maior instituição de assistência no período relacionou-se com os discursos de modernidade, isto é, tanto num olhar sobre si mesma e sobre suas ações e objetivos, quanto numa atenção “moderna” destinada ao público alvo de suas campanhas, às classes populares. Desse modo, a maternidade e a infância foram forçosamente adjetivadas de modernas e passaram a receber uma atenção significativa para que assimilassem certos padrões chamados modernos e de orientação burguesa.
The present work, in line with studies on the History of Social Assistance in Brazil, aims to analyze the relations between the Brazilian Legion of Assistance (LBA, in portuguese) and the discourses about modernity that gained space in Brazil in the period from 1945 to 1964. The country experienced a democratic interlude and strong representations about the modernization of the country and its customs. LBA was founded on August 28th, 1942 in the context of the recruitment of men to compose the Brazilian Expeditionary Force that would fight in Europe during World War II, bringing, therefore, as main function the support to the families of the soldiers that were in combat in European territory. After the war, LBA (only to be abolished in 1995) began to focus solely on the child and maternity assistance. Created by the First Lady, Darcy Vargas, LBA was traditionally chaired by the Brazilian first ladies, triggering the important argument of female protagonism in social care actions, as well as relevant gender issues, which are also examined in this work. The analysis of LBA's actions is fundamentally based on the scrutiny of editions of the Bulletin of the Brazilian Legion of Assistance, its official publication, founded in 1945 and charged with the missiono f disseminating precepts of childcare, pediatrics and general care, as well as advertise LBA’s campaigns and actions, in general. Thus, the central problem in the present thesis is about the ways in which the largest institution of social assistance in the period was related to the discourses of modernity, that is, a reflection at itself and its actions and objectives, as well as “modern" attetion and concern destined to the target public of its campaigns, the popular classes. In this way, motherhood and childhood were necessarily characterized as modern and began to receive significant attention to assimilate certain patterns called modern, and from a bourgeois orientation.
The present work, in line with studies on the History of Social Assistance in Brazil, aims to analyze the relations between the Brazilian Legion of Assistance (LBA, in portuguese) and the discourses about modernity that gained space in Brazil in the period from 1945 to 1964. The country experienced a democratic interlude and strong representations about the modernization of the country and its customs. LBA was founded on August 28th, 1942 in the context of the recruitment of men to compose the Brazilian Expeditionary Force that would fight in Europe during World War II, bringing, therefore, as main function the support to the families of the soldiers that were in combat in European territory. After the war, LBA (only to be abolished in 1995) began to focus solely on the child and maternity assistance. Created by the First Lady, Darcy Vargas, LBA was traditionally chaired by the Brazilian first ladies, triggering the important argument of female protagonism in social care actions, as well as relevant gender issues, which are also examined in this work. The analysis of LBA's actions is fundamentally based on the scrutiny of editions of the Bulletin of the Brazilian Legion of Assistance, its official publication, founded in 1945 and charged with the missiono f disseminating precepts of childcare, pediatrics and general care, as well as advertise LBA’s campaigns and actions, in general. Thus, the central problem in the present thesis is about the ways in which the largest institution of social assistance in the period was related to the discourses of modernity, that is, a reflection at itself and its actions and objectives, as well as “modern" attetion and concern destined to the target public of its campaigns, the popular classes. In this way, motherhood and childhood were necessarily characterized as modern and began to receive significant attention to assimilate certain patterns called modern, and from a bourgeois orientation.
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Palavras-chave
Assistência social, Legião Brasileira de Assistência, Modernidade, Gênero, Puericultura, Social assistance, Brazilian Legion of Assistance, Modernity, Genre, Childcare