Caracterização de um novo aglomerante originado da combustão da mistura de argila e biomassa
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Data
2018-06-04
Autores
Vicentini, Alan Henrique
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A indústria cimenteira tem passado por pressões cada vez mais constantes, referentes aos impactos ambientais causados pela emissão de gases na produção de cimento Portland e, atualmente, pela crise econômica que o setor da construção civil vem passando. Estes acontecimentos têm levado pesquisadores a investigarem novas formas de se obter aglomerantes alternativos, de maneira mais sustentável e econômica. Aliada a este problema, está a geração de resíduos de biomassa provenientes da atividade agroindustrial. Uma das alternativas criadas para a redução da emissão de CO2 e do consumo de cimento Portland é a produção de novos aglomerantes à base de argilas calcinadas. Além de reduzir significativamente o teor de cimento em matrizes cimentantes, a utilização destes aglomerantes proporciona economia de energia e menor temperatura de queima, liberando menos CO2 que o cimento durante sua produção. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi produzir e caracterizar um novo aglomerante formado pela mistura da cinza do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar e argila calcinada, denominada de CBA. A proporções entre bagaço, argila e água foram de 1,000:0,150:0,125, em massa, respectivamente. Após a calcinação, a cinza passou por processo de peneiramento e moagem. O estudo foi divido em três principais etapas: produção e caracterização da CBA; estudo da reatividade da CBA em pastas e; análise do comportamento mecânico de argamassas produzidas com substituição parcial de cimento por CBA. Inicialmente, a cinza passou por ensaios de caracterização físico-química, sendo realizados os ensaios de difração de raios-X, termogravimetria, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier, fluorescência de raios-X e granulometria a laser. A segunda etapa consistiu em avaliar a ação da cinza em pastas de cal e de cimento, através dos ensaios de espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e termogravimetria. A última etapa baseou-se em avaliar a consistência e o comportamento mecânico de resistência à compressão de argamassas produzidas com substituição de cimento por CBA nos teores de 10%, 20%, 30% 40% e 50%. Foi possível substituir cimento por CBA em até 50% em massa, mostrando que o material possui grande potencial de ser utilizado na produção de aglomerantes, além de ser energeticamente viável, devido à geração de calor durante sua produção.
Cement industry has been suffering pressure increasing, related to environments impacts due gas emission promoted by Portland cement production and, furthermore, due the currently crisis in civil construction sector that has been passing through. These events have lad researchers to investigate new forms of obtaining alternative binders more sustainable and economic. Allied to this problem, there is to biomass residues generation from agro-industry activity. One of the alternatives created to reduce the CO2 emissions and Portland cement consumption is the manufacturing of new binders based on thermally calcined clay. Besides it to reduce significantly cement content in cementitious matrix, these binders provides energy saving and lower calcination temperature, realizing less CO2 than Portland cement related to its production. Thus, the main of this objective of this study was to produce and characterize a new binder, composed by sugar-cane bagasse ash and calcined clay (SCA). The content of sugarcane bagasse, clay and water in mixture was 1/0.15/0.125, by mass, respectively. After calcination procedure, SCA passed through sieving and mill process. The study was separated in three stages: characterization of SCA; SCA reactivity study in pastes and; mechanical behavior analysis in cement mortars produced with partial cement replacement by SCA. Initially, SCA was characterized by physicochemical tests, being X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and laser granulometry analysis. The second stage consisted of to evaluate SCA behavior in lime/SCA pastes and Portland cement/SCA pastes systems, through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and thermogravimetric analysis. The third and last stage consisted of to evaluate the plastic consistence and mechanical behavior by compressive strength in mortars produced with partial cement replacement by SCA in 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% contents, by mass. It was possible replace cement by SCA in up to 50% content, showing that this material has potential to be widely utilized in production of binders, besides being energetically viable, due to the heat generation during SCA production.
Cement industry has been suffering pressure increasing, related to environments impacts due gas emission promoted by Portland cement production and, furthermore, due the currently crisis in civil construction sector that has been passing through. These events have lad researchers to investigate new forms of obtaining alternative binders more sustainable and economic. Allied to this problem, there is to biomass residues generation from agro-industry activity. One of the alternatives created to reduce the CO2 emissions and Portland cement consumption is the manufacturing of new binders based on thermally calcined clay. Besides it to reduce significantly cement content in cementitious matrix, these binders provides energy saving and lower calcination temperature, realizing less CO2 than Portland cement related to its production. Thus, the main of this objective of this study was to produce and characterize a new binder, composed by sugar-cane bagasse ash and calcined clay (SCA). The content of sugarcane bagasse, clay and water in mixture was 1/0.15/0.125, by mass, respectively. After calcination procedure, SCA passed through sieving and mill process. The study was separated in three stages: characterization of SCA; SCA reactivity study in pastes and; mechanical behavior analysis in cement mortars produced with partial cement replacement by SCA. Initially, SCA was characterized by physicochemical tests, being X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and laser granulometry analysis. The second stage consisted of to evaluate SCA behavior in lime/SCA pastes and Portland cement/SCA pastes systems, through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and thermogravimetric analysis. The third and last stage consisted of to evaluate the plastic consistence and mechanical behavior by compressive strength in mortars produced with partial cement replacement by SCA in 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% contents, by mass. It was possible replace cement by SCA in up to 50% content, showing that this material has potential to be widely utilized in production of binders, besides being energetically viable, due to the heat generation during SCA production.
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Palavras-chave
Cinza do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar, Argila calcinada, Pozolana, Propriedades químicas, Propriedades mecânicas, Sugarcane Bagasse ash, Calcined clay, Pozzolan, Chemical properties, Mechanical properties