Melhoria no rendimento de incubação em função da manipulação térmica de ovos de pesos distintos de matriz leve
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Data
2018-02-09
Autores
Ikefuti Filho, Jorge
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A otimização da produção de pintainhos, não implica somente na incubação de ovos férteis. Atualmente, as incubadoras necessitam ter alta produtividade de forma sustentável, incluindo o rendimento de incubação de pintainhos saudáveis com altas taxas de sobrevivência no incubatório e o seu desenvolvimento na fase de cria. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência da manipulação térmica no rendimento de ovos incubáveis de pesos distintos de matrizes leves na última fase embrionária. O experimento foi realizado em incubatório comercial de poedeiras leves, localizado em Birigui –SP. Utilizou-se 1950 ovos de matrizes leves da linhagem comercial Dekalb White®. Os ovos foram classificados entre diferentes tamanhos e alocados em bandejas de incubação. No período de 19 a 21 dias foram utilizados máquinas de nascedouros posicionadas frontalmente ao corredor central. Na primeira máquina manteve-se os valores de temperatura e umidade do ar padrão do incubatório (37,0°C e 60% UR) e na segunda máquina a temperatura foi ajustada para 37,7°C com 60% UR. Os tratamentos se diferenciaram de acordo com tempo de permanência na segunda máquina, e peso dos ovos (G e M) controles T1(G) e T6(M), 1 hora T2(G) e T7(M), 3 horas T3(G) e T8(M), 6 horas T4(G) e T9(M) e 9 horas T5(G) e T10 (M). Após o nascimento as pintainhas foram transferidas para granja de postura comercial, para avaliar o seu desenvolvimento corporal. Para o estudo usou-se o Delineamento Fatorial 2X5. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de hipóteses exato com base na distribuição Binomial para etapa de incubação e algaritimo Neperiano para etapa de crescimento corporal, foi utilizado software Minitab® 17. Como resultados notou-se que para ovos grandes (G), o tempo de permanência de 1 hora (T2), obteve melhores fêmeas comercialmente viáveis e menores índice de mortalidade embrionária na fase tardia e refugagem. Todavia para ovos médios (M) verificou-se melhores resultados com tempo de permanência de 3 e 6 horas (T8 e T9), não houve diferença para etapa de desenvolvimento corporal.
The optimization of the production of chicks does not only imply the incubation of fertile eggs. Currently, incubators need to have high productivity in a sustainable way, including the incubation yield of healthy chicks with high survival rates. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of thermal manipulation on the yield of hatching eggs of different weights of layer breeds in the last embryonic stage, in the hatchery and its development in the breeding phase.The experiment was carried out in a commercial hatchery of layer breeds, located in Birigui-SP. It used 1950 eggs of layers breeds arrays of commercial line Dekalb White®. The eggs were classified among different sizes and allocated in incubation trays. In the period from 19 to 21 days were used starter machines positioned frontally to the central corridor. In the first machine the temperature and humidity values of the hatchery standard (37,0°C with 60% RH) air were maintained and in the second machine the temperature was adjusted to 37.72 ° C with 60% RH. The treatments were differentiated according to residence time in the second machine, and egg weight (G and M) controls T1 (G) and T6 (M), 1 hour T2 (G) and T7 (M), 3 hours T3 (G) and T8 (M), 6 hours T4 (G) and T9 (M) and 9 hours T5 (G) and T10 (M), After birth the chicks were transferred to the commercial laying nucleus to evaluate their body development. For the study, the 2X5 Factorial Design was used. The data were submitted to the test of exact hypotheses based on the Binomial distribution or incubation stage and Neperian algaritimo for stage of corporal growth, the software Minitab® 17. As results it was noticed that for large eggs (G), the residence time of 1 hour (T2), obtained better commercially viable females and lower embryonic mortality rate in the late phase and shelter. However for medium (M) eggs the best results were observed with residence time of 3 and 6 hours (T8 and T9) there was no difference for the stage of corporal development.
The optimization of the production of chicks does not only imply the incubation of fertile eggs. Currently, incubators need to have high productivity in a sustainable way, including the incubation yield of healthy chicks with high survival rates. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of thermal manipulation on the yield of hatching eggs of different weights of layer breeds in the last embryonic stage, in the hatchery and its development in the breeding phase.The experiment was carried out in a commercial hatchery of layer breeds, located in Birigui-SP. It used 1950 eggs of layers breeds arrays of commercial line Dekalb White®. The eggs were classified among different sizes and allocated in incubation trays. In the period from 19 to 21 days were used starter machines positioned frontally to the central corridor. In the first machine the temperature and humidity values of the hatchery standard (37,0°C with 60% RH) air were maintained and in the second machine the temperature was adjusted to 37.72 ° C with 60% RH. The treatments were differentiated according to residence time in the second machine, and egg weight (G and M) controls T1 (G) and T6 (M), 1 hour T2 (G) and T7 (M), 3 hours T3 (G) and T8 (M), 6 hours T4 (G) and T9 (M) and 9 hours T5 (G) and T10 (M), After birth the chicks were transferred to the commercial laying nucleus to evaluate their body development. For the study, the 2X5 Factorial Design was used. The data were submitted to the test of exact hypotheses based on the Binomial distribution or incubation stage and Neperian algaritimo for stage of corporal growth, the software Minitab® 17. As results it was noticed that for large eggs (G), the residence time of 1 hour (T2), obtained better commercially viable females and lower embryonic mortality rate in the late phase and shelter. However for medium (M) eggs the best results were observed with residence time of 3 and 6 hours (T8 and T9) there was no difference for the stage of corporal development.
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Palavras-chave
Adaptação térmica, Eclodibilidade, Epigenética, Manipulação térmica, Poedeiras, Epigenetics, Hatchability, Laying hens, Thermal adaptation, Thermal manipulation