Avaliação do processo difusivo de geomembranas de polietileno de alta densidade (pead)
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2018-06-08
Autores
Miranda, Marianna de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As geomembranas de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD) têm grande aplicação em obras que necessitam de estanqueidade, nas quais predominam processos difusivos de fluxo de líquidos ou gases. Face a essa importância e considerando o pouco estudo destinado a esse processo na literatura, este trabalho objetivou a avaliar o processo difusivo em geomembranas de PEAD, utilizando um equipamento previamente projetado, conforme estudos anteriores sobre o assunto. Dessa forma, foi possível avaliar o processo difusivo a que se submetem geomembranas de PEAD de 1mm de espessura quando em contato com chorume, gasolina e óleo diesel, simulando o processo em obras reais. Na avaliação do processo difusivo, buscou-se a determinação da concentração de íons cloreto, sulfato, nitrito, concentração de DBO (demanda bioquímica de oxigênio) na contaminação pelo chorume, além da determinação da concentração dos compostos BTX (benzeno, tolueno e xileno) na contaminação por combustíveis. Para tanto, foram utilizados o método de Mohr, ensaios de espectrofotometria e espectrometria de emissão atômica por plasma acoplado indutivamente, o método respirométrico para avaliação da DBO e a cromatografia gasosa para determinação de BTX nas amostras de água destilada/deionizada (livres de qualquer substância) retiradas do ensaio. Os equipamentos utilizados no ensaio de difusão, bem como as técnicas de medição, foram capazes de avaliar o processo de difusão pela geomembrana de PEAD. Os principais resultados mostram que não houve contaminação por íons cloreto, sulfato e nitrito, uma vez que as respectivas concentrações encontradas estavam abaixo da taxa máxima permitida por lei (Resolução N°357 do Conama). Porém os resultados para concentração de DBO e compostos BTX demonstraram que a água das amostras, anteriormente livre de qualquer composto, apresentou taxas de DBO e BTX superiores às permitidas pelas Resoluções 357 e 396 do CONAMA (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente), ou seja, estava contaminada e imprópria para consumo humano.
High density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes have great application in works that require waterproofing, in which diffusive processes of liquid and/or gas flow predominate. Considering this importance and considering the little study destined to this process in the literature, this work aimed at evaluating the diffusive process in HDPE geomembranes by using equipment previously designed in previous studies on the subject. This way, it has been possible to evaluate the diffusive process to which 1mm-HDPE geomembranes are exposed when in contact with slurry, gasoline, and diesel oil, simulating the process in real works. In the evaluation of the diffusive process, the concentration of chloride, sulphate, nitrite, BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) concentration in the slurry, and the concentration of BTX compounds (benzene, toluene, and xylene) in fuel contamination have been determined. For this purpose, the Mohr method, spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, the Respirometric method for BOD evaluation, and Gas Chromatography have been used to determine BTX in the samples of distilled/deionized water (free of any substance) removed from the test. The equipment used in the diffusion test, as well as the measurement techniques, have been able to evaluate the process of diffusion by the HDPE geomembrane. The main results show that there has been no contamination by chloride, sulphate, and nitrite ions, since the respective concentrations found were below the maximum allowed by law (Conama Resolution No. 357). However, the results for BOD concentration and BTX compounds have shown that the water of the samples, previously free of any compound, presented BOD and BTX rates higher than those allowed by Resolutions 375 and 396 of CONAMA (National Council for the Environment), had been contaminated and was unfit for human consumption.
High density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes have great application in works that require waterproofing, in which diffusive processes of liquid and/or gas flow predominate. Considering this importance and considering the little study destined to this process in the literature, this work aimed at evaluating the diffusive process in HDPE geomembranes by using equipment previously designed in previous studies on the subject. This way, it has been possible to evaluate the diffusive process to which 1mm-HDPE geomembranes are exposed when in contact with slurry, gasoline, and diesel oil, simulating the process in real works. In the evaluation of the diffusive process, the concentration of chloride, sulphate, nitrite, BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) concentration in the slurry, and the concentration of BTX compounds (benzene, toluene, and xylene) in fuel contamination have been determined. For this purpose, the Mohr method, spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, the Respirometric method for BOD evaluation, and Gas Chromatography have been used to determine BTX in the samples of distilled/deionized water (free of any substance) removed from the test. The equipment used in the diffusion test, as well as the measurement techniques, have been able to evaluate the process of diffusion by the HDPE geomembrane. The main results show that there has been no contamination by chloride, sulphate, and nitrite ions, since the respective concentrations found were below the maximum allowed by law (Conama Resolution No. 357). However, the results for BOD concentration and BTX compounds have shown that the water of the samples, previously free of any compound, presented BOD and BTX rates higher than those allowed by Resolutions 375 and 396 of CONAMA (National Council for the Environment), had been contaminated and was unfit for human consumption.
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Palavras-chave
BTX, Chorume, Difusão, Geossintéticos, Solos arenoso e argiloso, Geosynthetics, Diffusion, Sandy and clayey soils, Slurry