O ensino de desenho na Escola Normal da Capital (1887 - 1927)
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Data
2018-05-30
Autores
Oliveira, Silvia Maria de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta dissertação, de cunho histórico e documental, tem como objetivo analisar o Ensino de Desenho na Escola Normal da Capital no período de 1887 a 1927. Para tanto, analisa documentação diversa para tentar apreender as maneiras como eram desenvolvidos o Ensino de Desenho na formação de professores, as propostas para tal matéria defendidas agentes do campo educacional, o perfil da matéria ao longo do período e de seus professores. O recorte temporal justifica-se uma vez que, em 1887, foi instituída a cadeira de Desenho na Escola Normal da Capital e, em 1927 a Reforma de Amadeu Mendes que conduzia medidas para expandir a Escola Normal às demais cidades, equiparando as Escolas Normais Livres às Escolas Normais Oficiais. As fontes da investigação foram os Anuários do Ensino do Estado de São Paulo, as revistas pedagógicas paulistas acerca do tema Ensino de Desenho; estudos anteriores sobre o mesmo tema, documentos de e sobre a Escola Normal da Capital e o jornal Correio Paulistano. Como referenciais teóricos foram utilizados Monarcha (1999) e Dias (2013), bem como as contribuições de Tanuri (1979); Almeida (1995; 2016) corrobora com questões a respeito das práticas de ensino das Escolas Normais e da organização curricular da mesma; e Carvalho (2011) com o conceito de modelo escolar paulista. Como resultados observou-se que o Ensino de Desenho tinha modos de desenvolvimento distintos para meninos e para meninas; Thomas de Lima e Felicidade Perpétua de Macedo são os professores que permaneceram por mais tempo a frente da matéria; o método intuitivo permanece como referência a maior parte do tempo e a partir dos anos de 1920 o método analítico torna-se a abordagem principal.
This dissertation, of a historical and documentary nature, aims to analyse the Teaching of Design at the Normal School of the Capital from 1887 to 1927. To do so, various documents are analysed in an attempt to understand the ways in which the Teaching of Design was implemented in teacher training, the proposals for the subject advocated by agents in the field of education, the background of the subject during the period concerned and its teachers. The choice of time period is justified since the Design Chair was instituted at the Normal School of the Capital in 1887, and in 1927 the Amadeu Mendes Reforms were enacted, which put in place measures to expand the Normal School to other cities, giving Normal Free Schools and Official Normal Schools equal status. The sources of the research were the São Paulo State Teaching Yearbooks, pedagogical journals of São Paulo on the Teaching of Design; previous studies on the same subject, documents from and about the Normal School of the Capital and the newspaper Correio Paulistano. The following theoretical references were used: Monarcha (1999) and Dias (2013), as well as the contributions of Tanuri (1979); Almeida (1995; 2016) contributes with questions regarding teaching practices at the Normal Schools and the curricular organisation thereof; and Carvalho (2011) with the concept of the São Paulo school model. In terms of results, it was observed that the Teaching of Design had different developmental formats for boys and for girls; Thomas de Lima and Felicidade Perpétua de Macedo are the teachers who remained at the forefront of the subject for longest; the intuitive method remains a benchmark most of the time and from the 1920s the analytical method became the main approach.
This dissertation, of a historical and documentary nature, aims to analyse the Teaching of Design at the Normal School of the Capital from 1887 to 1927. To do so, various documents are analysed in an attempt to understand the ways in which the Teaching of Design was implemented in teacher training, the proposals for the subject advocated by agents in the field of education, the background of the subject during the period concerned and its teachers. The choice of time period is justified since the Design Chair was instituted at the Normal School of the Capital in 1887, and in 1927 the Amadeu Mendes Reforms were enacted, which put in place measures to expand the Normal School to other cities, giving Normal Free Schools and Official Normal Schools equal status. The sources of the research were the São Paulo State Teaching Yearbooks, pedagogical journals of São Paulo on the Teaching of Design; previous studies on the same subject, documents from and about the Normal School of the Capital and the newspaper Correio Paulistano. The following theoretical references were used: Monarcha (1999) and Dias (2013), as well as the contributions of Tanuri (1979); Almeida (1995; 2016) contributes with questions regarding teaching practices at the Normal Schools and the curricular organisation thereof; and Carvalho (2011) with the concept of the São Paulo school model. In terms of results, it was observed that the Teaching of Design had different developmental formats for boys and for girls; Thomas de Lima and Felicidade Perpétua de Macedo are the teachers who remained at the forefront of the subject for longest; the intuitive method remains a benchmark most of the time and from the 1920s the analytical method became the main approach.
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Palavras-chave
Ensino de desenho, Escola Normal da Capital, Formação de professores, Teaching of design, Normal School of the Capital, Teacher Training