Características agronômicas e tecnológicas de variedades de sorgo sacarino e propriedades do solo em função de lâminas de irrigação por gotejamento
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Data
2018-05-14
Autores
Silva, Patrícia Costa da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O cultivo de sorgo sacarino surgiu como alternativa para produção de massa destinada à fabricação de etanol, na entressafra, e em áreas de reforma do canavial e em áreas de rotação à outras culturas. Ainda são escassos estudos sobre a irrigação em sorgo sacarino, bem como os estudos que correlacionam lâminas de irrigação e a dinâmica dos nutrientes no solo e propriedades físicas. Este estudo teve como objetivos analisar o efeito da aplicação de lâminas de irrigação sob características tecnológicas e agronômicas de variedades de sorgo sacarino e nas propriedades do solo, e avaliar a eficiência do uso da água. O experimento foi conduzido em campo na área experimental da Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus de Santa Helena de Goiás. O delineamento adotado foi o de blocos casualizados com esquema fatorial 5x3, com 5 tratamentos, 3 cultivares de sorgo sacarino e 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por 5 lâminas de irrigação: 25, 50, 75, 100 e 125 % da evapotranspiração de cultura (ETc) e as variedades avaliadas foram BRS 511, CVSW 80007 e Silotec 20. O sistema de irrigação empregado foi o localizado por gotejamento. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F a 5% de significância. As médias para o fator variedades e propriedades do solo foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey e para o fator lâminas de irrigação empregou-se a análise de regressão. Verificou-se que as lâminas de irrigação exerceram influência significativa nas características agronômicas e tecnológicas. A variedade BRS 511 adaptou-se melhor às condições edafoclimáticas locais com reflexo em maior altura de plantas, diâmetro de colmo, número de folhas e internódios, porcentagem de folhas, produtividade de colmos, massa verde da parte aérea, rendimento de caldo, produtividade de etanol e sólidos solúveis totais; e menor peso do bagaço úmido e teor de fibra industrial. Comparando-se as variedades em cada lâmina verificou-se variação a partir da lâmina 75% de reposição da evapotranspiração de cultura com ajustes linear e quadrático. A eficiência do uso da água (EUA) em todas as variedades e lâminas estudadas apresentou resposta linear decrescente, com maior EUA na lâmina de 25% da ETc. A variedade BRS 511 foi a mais recomendada para as condições edafoclimáticas da região avaliada e a lâmina mais indicada foi a equivalente a 100% da ETc. As lâminas de irrigação exerceram influência sobre a dinâmica das propriedades químicas no solo. Os maiores teores dos nutrientes foram encontrados na camada de 0-0,10 m, à medida que aumentou a disponibilidade hídrica; para as lâminas de 100 e 125 % da ETc houve aumento dos teores de nutrientes e de matéria orgânica do solo; entre as variedades e as camadas de solo houve variação somente para o potássio e o alumínio. As propriedades físicas não foram afetadas pelo cultivo das variedades e lâminas de irrigação, apenas pelas camadas amostradas.
Cultivation of sorghum emerged as an alternative for the production of mass destined to the manufacture of ethanol, in the off season, and in areas of reforestation of cane fields and in areas of rotation to other crops. There are still few studies on irrigation in sorghum, as well as studies that correlate irrigation slides and the dynamics of soil nutrients and physical properties. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the application of irrigation slides under the technological and agronomic characteristics of sorghum varieties and soil properties, and to evaluate the efficiency of water use. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the State University of Goiás, Campus of Santa Helena de Goiás. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with 5x3 factorial, with 5 treatments, 3 sorghum cultivars and 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of 5 irrigation slides: 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and the varieties evaluated were BRS 511, CVSW 80007 and Silotec 20. The irrigation system was located by drip. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test at 5% of significance. The averages for the factor varieties and soil properties were compared by the Tukey test and for the irrigation lamina factor the regression analysis was used. It was verified that the irrigation slides exerted significant influence on the agronomic and technological characteristics. The BRS 511 variety was better adapted to local edaphoclimatic conditions with higher plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and internodes, leaf percentage, shoot yield, shoot shoot mass, broth yield, seed yield ethanol and total soluble solids; and lower weight of the wet cake and industrial fiber content. Comparing the varieties on each slide, a variation was observed from the 75% replacement blade of the crop evapotranspiration with linear and quadratic adjustments. Efficiency of water use in all varieties and slides studied presented a linear decreasing response, with a higher USA in the 25% ETc blade. The BRS 511 was the most recommended for the soil and climatic conditions of the evaluated region and the most indicated blade was the equivalent to 100% of the ETc. Irrigation slides influenced the dynamics of soil chemical properties. The highest levels of nutrients were found in the 0-0.10 m layer, as water availability increased; for the slides of 100 and 125% of the ETc there was an increase in nutrient and soil organic matter contents; between varieties and soil layers there was variation only for potassium and aluminum. The physical properties were not affected by cultivation of the irrigation varieties and slides, only by the sampled layers.
Cultivation of sorghum emerged as an alternative for the production of mass destined to the manufacture of ethanol, in the off season, and in areas of reforestation of cane fields and in areas of rotation to other crops. There are still few studies on irrigation in sorghum, as well as studies that correlate irrigation slides and the dynamics of soil nutrients and physical properties. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the application of irrigation slides under the technological and agronomic characteristics of sorghum varieties and soil properties, and to evaluate the efficiency of water use. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the State University of Goiás, Campus of Santa Helena de Goiás. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with 5x3 factorial, with 5 treatments, 3 sorghum cultivars and 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of 5 irrigation slides: 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and the varieties evaluated were BRS 511, CVSW 80007 and Silotec 20. The irrigation system was located by drip. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test at 5% of significance. The averages for the factor varieties and soil properties were compared by the Tukey test and for the irrigation lamina factor the regression analysis was used. It was verified that the irrigation slides exerted significant influence on the agronomic and technological characteristics. The BRS 511 variety was better adapted to local edaphoclimatic conditions with higher plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and internodes, leaf percentage, shoot yield, shoot shoot mass, broth yield, seed yield ethanol and total soluble solids; and lower weight of the wet cake and industrial fiber content. Comparing the varieties on each slide, a variation was observed from the 75% replacement blade of the crop evapotranspiration with linear and quadratic adjustments. Efficiency of water use in all varieties and slides studied presented a linear decreasing response, with a higher USA in the 25% ETc blade. The BRS 511 was the most recommended for the soil and climatic conditions of the evaluated region and the most indicated blade was the equivalent to 100% of the ETc. Irrigation slides influenced the dynamics of soil chemical properties. The highest levels of nutrients were found in the 0-0.10 m layer, as water availability increased; for the slides of 100 and 125% of the ETc there was an increase in nutrient and soil organic matter contents; between varieties and soil layers there was variation only for potassium and aluminum. The physical properties were not affected by cultivation of the irrigation varieties and slides, only by the sampled layers.
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Palavras-chave
Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Etanol, Sistema localizado, Características físicas e químicas do solo, Eficiência do uso de água, Ethanol, Localized system, Water use efficiency, Physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, Water use efficiency