Avaliação do nitrogênio orgânico mineralizável em solo cultivado com milho em sucessão a plantas de cobertura
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Data
2018-04-18
Autores
Bettiol, Aline Carla Trombeta [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na última década, a análise de solo para medida do N orgânico mineralizável passou da condição de inviável para promissora, particularmente a partir de estudos feitos nos EUA e da proposição de dois novos métodos de hidrólise alcalina, o Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test (ISNT) e o método da destilação a vapor direta (DVD). O objetivo com o presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de fornecimento de N do solo para a cultura do milho em amostras de solo coletadas em experimento instalado em 2000/2001, no qual estão sendo cultivadas plantas de cobertura em pré-safra (mucuna, feijão-de-porco, milheto e vegetação espontânea), combinadas com doses de N em cobertura na cultura do milho (0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1). As amostras de solo foram coletadas após a colheita do milho nas safras 2014/2015 e 2015/2016. Nestas amostras foi feita extração do N orgânico mineralizável empregando hidrólise alcalina, por meio dos métodos ISNT e DVD, e também utilizando soluções salinas de CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1, Ca(H2PO4)2 0,01mol L-1 e KCl 2 mol L-1, todas com aquecimento. Com as mesmas amostras foi conduzido ensaio de incubação, em laboratório, empregando colunas de percolação, para obter o N potencialmente mineralizável (N0) e o nitrogênio mineralizado acumulado aos 210 dias de incubação (Nmac), e do experimento no campo foi obtido o N absorvido pelo milho (Nabs). Os dados obtidos com os métodos químicos foram correlacionados com Nabs, N0 e Nmac. Entre os métodos avaliados o ISNT e a DVD foram os que apresentaram correlação com N0 e Nabs e podem ser considerados os índices de disponibilidade de N mais promissores para uso em áreas em plantio direto com cultivo de plantas de cobertura.
In the past decade, soil analysis to predict mineralizable organic nitrogen went from impracticable to promising, particularly due studies carried out in USA and the proposition of two new alkali hydrolysis methods, the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test (ISNT) and the direct steam distillation (DSD). The objective of the study was to evaluate the potentially supply of N to the maize crop in samples collected from a trial installed in 2000/2001, in which are being cropped with cover crops before maize sown (velvet bean, jack bean, millet, spontaneous vegetation), combined with side dress N fertilizer doses in the maize crop (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha-1). Soil samples were collected after maize harvest, in the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons. In these samples were performed the extraction of the mineralizable organic N using alkali extraction with ISNT and DSD methods and also using hot saline solutions, such as 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2, 0.01 mol L-1 Ca(H2PO4)2, and 2 mol L-1 KCl. In the same samples it was also carried out laboratory incubation, using leaching columns, to obtain the potentially mineralizable N (N0) and the mineralized N accumulated after 210 days of incubation (Nmac). From the plants growth in field trial was determined the N uptake by the maize plants (Nup). The results obtained from the chemical methods were correlated with the Nup, N0, and Nmac. Among all others, the ISNT and the DSD showed higher correlation with N0 and Nup and may be considered as the most promising N availability indexes for use in no-till systems with cover crops.
In the past decade, soil analysis to predict mineralizable organic nitrogen went from impracticable to promising, particularly due studies carried out in USA and the proposition of two new alkali hydrolysis methods, the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test (ISNT) and the direct steam distillation (DSD). The objective of the study was to evaluate the potentially supply of N to the maize crop in samples collected from a trial installed in 2000/2001, in which are being cropped with cover crops before maize sown (velvet bean, jack bean, millet, spontaneous vegetation), combined with side dress N fertilizer doses in the maize crop (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha-1). Soil samples were collected after maize harvest, in the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons. In these samples were performed the extraction of the mineralizable organic N using alkali extraction with ISNT and DSD methods and also using hot saline solutions, such as 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2, 0.01 mol L-1 Ca(H2PO4)2, and 2 mol L-1 KCl. In the same samples it was also carried out laboratory incubation, using leaching columns, to obtain the potentially mineralizable N (N0) and the mineralized N accumulated after 210 days of incubation (Nmac). From the plants growth in field trial was determined the N uptake by the maize plants (Nup). The results obtained from the chemical methods were correlated with the Nup, N0, and Nmac. Among all others, the ISNT and the DSD showed higher correlation with N0 and Nup and may be considered as the most promising N availability indexes for use in no-till systems with cover crops.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Métodos de extração de N do solo, Recomendação de adubação nitrogenada, Plantio direto