Ensaio sobre a história do desenvolvimento da linguagem escrita na alfabetização
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Data
2018-02-27
Autores
Carneiro, Luciana Apolonio Rodrigues
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta dissertação foi realizada em nível de mestrado profissional, no Programa de Pós- Graduação Docência para Educação Básica, da Unesp de Bauru/SP. Teve como objetivo geral escrever a história do desenvolvimento da escrita na criança na alfabetização e descrever as características específicas que a escrita sofre ao longo desse processo. Para tanto foram determinados os momentos críticos de transformação da escrita para caracterizar seus estágios e foram discretizados os expedientes que promovem o trânsito de uma forma de escrita para outra. Essa história só pôde ser escrita por meio das análises das produções das crianças registradas em vídeo, seguidas de transcrição dos diálogos ocorridos no momento da produção. Para sua execução, apoiamo-nos no conceito de escrita na perspectiva vigotskiana e na pré- história da escrita articulados aos processos fonéticos/fonológicos, morfológicos, sintáticos, semânticos e discursivos. O percurso metodológico da pesquisa seguiu o delineamento da pesquisa experimental. Para determinar os estágios da formação da escrita rumo à cultural os núcleos de generalização do pensamento por complexo serviram de base. Das escritas produzidas pelas crianças procedeu-se a análise que proporcionou o reconhecimento de traços comuns, os quais, por sua vez, levaram-nos a postular os estágios da escrita, bem como deslindar os expedientes usados pelas crianças para objetivar a escrita cultural. Tais descobertas (estágios da escrita e expedientes) ancoraram a construção de um instrumento para avaliar o desenvolvimento da escrita na criança que registra o movimento de sua formação, norteando o professor para atuar na zona de desenvolvimento iminente. De maneira geral os resultados de análise mostraram que, durante o processo de alfabetização: 1) as crianças usam mais de um sistema de escrita e não apenas o sistema alfabético; 2) os expedientes usados pela criança na pré-história da escrita, como forma, tamanho, cor, quantidade e desenho, para desenvolver signos subjetivos, reaparecem requalificados na história do desenvolvimento da escrita, além de outros expedientes que são incorporados; 3) os fenômenos linguísticos de cada palavra, incluindo a sua estrutura silábica, influenciam o movimento de evolução e involução da escrita na criança. Como resultados da pesquisa foram criados os estágios de formação da escrita cultural, em seu processo de apropriação; foram identificados os expedientes que transformam a escrita de um estágio para outro e foi produzido um instrumento avaliativo da escrita no processo de alfabetização, configurado no gênero textual relatório técnico. Esse instrumento visa a garantir a historicidade dialética da formação da escrita, que é muito maior que a mera classificação das escritas em estágios.
This dissertation was carried out at the professional master's level, in the Teaching Postgraduate Program for Basic Education, at Unesp in Bauru / SP. The general objective was to write the history of the development of the writing in the childhood in the alphabetization and to describe the specific characteristics that the writing undergoes throughout this process. For that, the critical moments of the transformation of writing were determined to characterize its stages and shared expedients that promoted the transit from one form of writing to another. This story could only be written through the analyzes of the productions of children recorded in video, followed by transcription of the dialogues that occurred at the time of production. For its execution, we rely on the concept of writing in the Vigotskian perspective and in the prehistory of writing articulated to the phonetic / phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic and discursive processes. The methodological path of the research followed the design of the experimental research. In order to determine the stages of writing formation towards culture, the generalization nuclei of thought by complex were the basis. From the writings produced by the children, the analysis was carried out, which allowed the recognition of common traits, which in turn led us to postulate the stages of writing, as well as to identify the records used by children to objectify cultural writing. Such discoveries (writing stage and expedition) anchored the construction of an instrument to evaluate the development of writing in the child that registers the movement of its formation, guiding the teacher to act in the area of imminent development. In general, the analysis results showed that during the literacy process: 1) children use more than one writing system, not just the alphabetic system; 2) the records used by the child in the prehistory of writing, such as shape, size, color, quantity and drawing, to develop subjective signs, reappear requalified in the history of writing development, in addition to other records that are incorporated; 3) the linguistic phenomena of each word, including its syllabic structure, influence the movement of evolution and involution of writing in the child. As results of the research were created the stages of cultural writing formation, in its process of appropriation; it were identified the records that transform writing from one stage to another and were produced an evaluation instrument of writing in the literacy process, configured in the technical report textual genre. This instrument aims to guarantee the dialectical historicity of writing formation, which is much greater than the mere classification of writing in stages.
This dissertation was carried out at the professional master's level, in the Teaching Postgraduate Program for Basic Education, at Unesp in Bauru / SP. The general objective was to write the history of the development of the writing in the childhood in the alphabetization and to describe the specific characteristics that the writing undergoes throughout this process. For that, the critical moments of the transformation of writing were determined to characterize its stages and shared expedients that promoted the transit from one form of writing to another. This story could only be written through the analyzes of the productions of children recorded in video, followed by transcription of the dialogues that occurred at the time of production. For its execution, we rely on the concept of writing in the Vigotskian perspective and in the prehistory of writing articulated to the phonetic / phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic and discursive processes. The methodological path of the research followed the design of the experimental research. In order to determine the stages of writing formation towards culture, the generalization nuclei of thought by complex were the basis. From the writings produced by the children, the analysis was carried out, which allowed the recognition of common traits, which in turn led us to postulate the stages of writing, as well as to identify the records used by children to objectify cultural writing. Such discoveries (writing stage and expedition) anchored the construction of an instrument to evaluate the development of writing in the child that registers the movement of its formation, guiding the teacher to act in the area of imminent development. In general, the analysis results showed that during the literacy process: 1) children use more than one writing system, not just the alphabetic system; 2) the records used by the child in the prehistory of writing, such as shape, size, color, quantity and drawing, to develop subjective signs, reappear requalified in the history of writing development, in addition to other records that are incorporated; 3) the linguistic phenomena of each word, including its syllabic structure, influence the movement of evolution and involution of writing in the child. As results of the research were created the stages of cultural writing formation, in its process of appropriation; it were identified the records that transform writing from one stage to another and were produced an evaluation instrument of writing in the literacy process, configured in the technical report textual genre. This instrument aims to guarantee the dialectical historicity of writing formation, which is much greater than the mere classification of writing in stages.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, Alfabetização, Estágios do desenvolvimento da história da escrita, Expedientes inventados pela criança para escrever, Avaliação do desenvolvimento da escrita inicial, Historical-Cultural Psychology, Literacy, Stages of writing history development, Records invented by the child to write, Evaluation of the development of the initial writing