Formas de nitrogênio orgânico em solos tratados com esterco bovino
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Data
2018-04-23
Autores
Adame, Cássia Rita [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O conhecimento das alterações na distribuição do N entre os reservatórios existentes no solo após aplicação de esterco bovino permite melhorar a compreensão dos efeitos da aplicação do adubo orgânico na disponibilidade de N para as plantas. Os objetivos com o presente foram avaliar as transformações do nitrogênio do esterco bovino em função da textura do solo e do tempo, e associar as formas de N orgânico com o N potencialmente disponível. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial, delineamento inteiramente ao acaso e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram resultantes da combinação de dois solos (argiloso, com 440 g kg-1 de argila, e arenoso, com 120 g kg-1 de argila), duas doses de esterco bovino (0 e o equivalente a 20 t ha-1) e quatro tempos de incubação (15, 45, 90 e 180 dias). Nas amostras de solo foram determinados pHCaCl2, C orgânico, N total, N extraído por destilação a vapor direta, N-NH4+, N-NO3-, e as seguintes frações do N orgânico: N-NH4+ hidrolisável, N-aminoaçúcares, N-aminoácidos, N-total hidrolisável e N-insolúvel em ácido. Por cálculo foi obtido o N-não identificado. A aplicação de esterco aumenta as frações de N orgânico de mais fácil mineralização até próximo de 100 dias após a aplicação, e posteriormente, aumenta as frações de N orgânico de maior estabilidade, principalmente no solo argiloso. O N potencialmente disponível determinado por destilação a vapor direta correlacionou com as frações de N mais disponíveis, N-NH4+ hidrolisável, N-aminoaçúcares e N-aminoácidos.
The knowledge of the changes in the N distribution among the soil existing N pools after cattle manure additions, allows to improve the understanding of the effects of organic fertilizer additions on N availability to plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen transformations of cattle manure as a function of soil texture and of time, and to associate organic N forms with the potentially available N. The experiment was carried out in a factorial scheme, completely randomized design with four replicates. The treatments were the result of a combination of two soils (typic Hapludox clayey, with 440 g kg-1 clay, and arenic Hapludult, sand, with 120 g kg-1 clay), two doses of cattle manure (0 and 20 t ha-1) and four incubation times (15, 45, 90 and 180 days). In the soil samples were determined, pHCaCl2, organic C, total N, N extracted by direct steam distillation, NH4 + -N, NO3 - -N and the following organic N fractions: ammonia-N, amino sugar-N, amino acid-N, total hydrolysable-N and non-hydrolyzable-N. By calculation it was obtained the hydrolyzable unknown-N. The cattle manure additions increases the organic N fractions of easier mineralization until about 100 days after the addition, and later, it increases the fractions of organic N of greater stability, mainly in the clay soil. Potentially available N determined by direct steam distillation correlated with the most available N fractions, NH4 + -N hydrolysable, amino sugars-N and amino acids-N.
The knowledge of the changes in the N distribution among the soil existing N pools after cattle manure additions, allows to improve the understanding of the effects of organic fertilizer additions on N availability to plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen transformations of cattle manure as a function of soil texture and of time, and to associate organic N forms with the potentially available N. The experiment was carried out in a factorial scheme, completely randomized design with four replicates. The treatments were the result of a combination of two soils (typic Hapludox clayey, with 440 g kg-1 clay, and arenic Hapludult, sand, with 120 g kg-1 clay), two doses of cattle manure (0 and 20 t ha-1) and four incubation times (15, 45, 90 and 180 days). In the soil samples were determined, pHCaCl2, organic C, total N, N extracted by direct steam distillation, NH4 + -N, NO3 - -N and the following organic N fractions: ammonia-N, amino sugar-N, amino acid-N, total hydrolysable-N and non-hydrolyzable-N. By calculation it was obtained the hydrolyzable unknown-N. The cattle manure additions increases the organic N fractions of easier mineralization until about 100 days after the addition, and later, it increases the fractions of organic N of greater stability, mainly in the clay soil. Potentially available N determined by direct steam distillation correlated with the most available N fractions, NH4 + -N hydrolysable, amino sugars-N and amino acids-N.
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Palavras-chave
N potencialmente disponível, Fracionamento de N orgânico, Método da destilação a vapor direta, Adubação orgânica