Efeitos da curcumina e do excesso de lipídios saturados na alimentação materna sobre a histofisiologia da próstata de ratos adultos
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Data
2018-08-07
Autores
Scarpelli, Tatiane Pereira
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O consumo excessivo de lipídios na dieta constitui um problema na alimentação da sociedade atual, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de doenças e de cânceres como o de mama, de próstata e de cólon. Se tratando da próstata, os lipídios podem ter ação direta, ou por mediadores celulares deles derivados e desequilibrar os níveis de esteroides sexuais. Contudo, alguns componentes dietéticos exercem papel benéfico para a saúde prostática ou mesmo propriedades terapêuticas, como a curcumina. Existe, portanto, interesse crescente na ação da curcumina sobre a próstata, e seus análogos sintéticos vem sendo testados para aplicação no tratamento de doenças prostáticas. Sabendo-se que componentes da dieta materna podem afetar a próstata masculina permanentemente, por programação do desenvolvimento, este estudo avaliou as consequências da dieta materna enriquecida com lipídios saturados da banha de porco, durante a gestação e lactação de ratos Wistar, associada ou não à suplementação alimentar com curcumina, além da ingestão do óleo de milho comercial, sobre a histofisiologia da próstata ventral da prole na idade adulta. Ratos Wistar foram divididos em cinco grupos (n=12 por grupo; 12 semanas de idade), segundo o regime alimentar ao qual as mães foram submetidas da 8ª sem. de idade até o desmame dos filhotes: C - dieta padrão; O- dieta padrão e óleo de milho (100µL em dias alternados, via gavagem); Cm - dieta padrão e óleo de milho contendo curcumina (100mg/kg de peso corporal, em dias alternados, via gavagem); L- dieta enriquecida com banha de porco (31% de banha de porco) e LCm - dieta enriquecida com banha de porco e óleo de milho/curcumina. Após eutanásia dos animais e realizada coleta dos materiais biológicos, como a próstata ventral e o sangue, realizaram-se análises das quais se obteve aumento nos depósitos de gorduras epididimal e visceral e, consequentemente, aumento no índice de adiposidade dos grupos L e O. Os animais dos grupos O e LCm tiveram aumento nos níveis de triglicerídeos e o grupo O apresentou aumento no nível de colesterol HDL. Os animais de O, L e LCm apresentaram atrofia epitelial, evidenciada tanto pela análise da frequência de ácinos atróficos, pela altura do epitélio e pela diminuição da frequência relativa do epitélio acinar. Ainda, os animais do grupo L apresentaram aumento da frequência relativa do compartimento luminal e de fibras colágenas. Não houve alterações nos níveis de proliferação celular. A expressão de receptores de andrógenos (AR) no epitélio foi maior no grupo L e um pouco menor para os grupos O e LCm. A incidência (número de animais acometidos/número total de animais) de focos inflamatórios aumentou nos grupos O e L (C- 29%; O – 40%; L – 78%) e foi reduzida pelo consumo de curcumina (Cm- 8%; LCm- 38%). Os dados obtidos indicam que, as dietas maternas enriquecidas com lipídios causam respostas na morfologia e na fisiologia da próstata ventral, em diferentes níveis. A banha pareceu alterar a estrutura e a expressão de AR de maneira acentuada, além de propiciar inflamação na glândula, enquanto o óleo de milho altera em menor grau. Além disso, a curcumina sozinha responde positivamente na próstata.
Excessive consumption of lipids in the diet is a problem in the feeding of current society, contributing to the development of diseases and cancers such as breast, prostate and colon. Lipids can have direct action on the prostate gland, or by cellular mediators derived from them and unbalance levels of sexual steroids. However, some dietary components play a beneficial role in prostate health or even therapeutic properties, such as curcumin. There is, therefore, growing interest in the action of curcumin on the prostate, and its synthetic analogues have been tested for application in the treatment of prostatic diseases. Knowing that components of the maternal diet can permanently affect the male prostate gland by developmental programming, this study evaluated the consequences of the maternal diet enriched with lard saturated lipids during gestation and lactation of Wistar rats, associated or not with dietary supplementation with curcumin, in addition to the commercial corn oil intake, on the histophysiology of the ventral prostate of the offspring in adulthood. Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 12 per group, 12 weeks old), according to the diet to which the mothers were submitted from the 8th week of age until the weaning of the pups: C - standard diet; O- standard diet and corn oil (100 μL on alternate days, via gavage); Cm - standard diet and corn oil containing curcumin (100mg / kg body weight, every other day, via gavage); L - diet enriched with lard (31% of lard) and LCm - diet enriched with lard and corn oil / curcumina. After the euthanasia of the animals and the collection of biological materials, such as the ventral prostate and blood, analyzes were carried out, which resulted in an increase in the deposits of epididimal and visceral fat and, consequently, an increase in the adiposity index of the L and O groups. The animals in the O and LCm groups had an increase in triglyceride levels and the O group had an increase in the level of HDL cholesterol. The O, L and LCm animals presented epithelial atrophy, evidenced both by the analysis of the atrophic acini frequency, by the height of the epithelium and by the decrease of the relative frequency of the acinar epithelium. Still, the animals in the L group presented increased relative frequency of the luminal compartment and collagen fibers. There were no changes in the levels of cell proliferation. The expression of receptor androgen (AR) in the epithelium was higher in the L group and somewhat lower in the O and LCm groups. The incidence (number of affected animals / total number of animals) of inflammatory foci increased in the O and L groups (C - 29%, O - 40%, L - 78%) and was reduced by the consumption of curcumin (C - 8% (LC-38%). The data obtained indicate that maternal diets enriched with lipids cause responses in the morphology and physiology of the ventral prostate at different levels. The lard appeared to alter the structure and expression of AR very markedly, in addition to providing inflammation in the gland, while the corn oil changes to a lesser degree. In addition, curcumin alone responds positively in the prostate.
Excessive consumption of lipids in the diet is a problem in the feeding of current society, contributing to the development of diseases and cancers such as breast, prostate and colon. Lipids can have direct action on the prostate gland, or by cellular mediators derived from them and unbalance levels of sexual steroids. However, some dietary components play a beneficial role in prostate health or even therapeutic properties, such as curcumin. There is, therefore, growing interest in the action of curcumin on the prostate, and its synthetic analogues have been tested for application in the treatment of prostatic diseases. Knowing that components of the maternal diet can permanently affect the male prostate gland by developmental programming, this study evaluated the consequences of the maternal diet enriched with lard saturated lipids during gestation and lactation of Wistar rats, associated or not with dietary supplementation with curcumin, in addition to the commercial corn oil intake, on the histophysiology of the ventral prostate of the offspring in adulthood. Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 12 per group, 12 weeks old), according to the diet to which the mothers were submitted from the 8th week of age until the weaning of the pups: C - standard diet; O- standard diet and corn oil (100 μL on alternate days, via gavage); Cm - standard diet and corn oil containing curcumin (100mg / kg body weight, every other day, via gavage); L - diet enriched with lard (31% of lard) and LCm - diet enriched with lard and corn oil / curcumina. After the euthanasia of the animals and the collection of biological materials, such as the ventral prostate and blood, analyzes were carried out, which resulted in an increase in the deposits of epididimal and visceral fat and, consequently, an increase in the adiposity index of the L and O groups. The animals in the O and LCm groups had an increase in triglyceride levels and the O group had an increase in the level of HDL cholesterol. The O, L and LCm animals presented epithelial atrophy, evidenced both by the analysis of the atrophic acini frequency, by the height of the epithelium and by the decrease of the relative frequency of the acinar epithelium. Still, the animals in the L group presented increased relative frequency of the luminal compartment and collagen fibers. There were no changes in the levels of cell proliferation. The expression of receptor androgen (AR) in the epithelium was higher in the L group and somewhat lower in the O and LCm groups. The incidence (number of affected animals / total number of animals) of inflammatory foci increased in the O and L groups (C - 29%, O - 40%, L - 78%) and was reduced by the consumption of curcumin (C - 8% (LC-38%). The data obtained indicate that maternal diets enriched with lipids cause responses in the morphology and physiology of the ventral prostate at different levels. The lard appeared to alter the structure and expression of AR very markedly, in addition to providing inflammation in the gland, while the corn oil changes to a lesser degree. In addition, curcumin alone responds positively in the prostate.
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Palavras-chave
Próstata, Lipídios, Curcumina, Atrofia epitelial, Inflamação, Prostate, Lipids, Curcumin, Epithelium atrophic, Inflammation