Estudo da macrófita Typha sp como material adsorvente na remoção das espécies metálicas Cd (II), Cu (II), Cr (III) e Zn (II) em meio aquoso
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Data
2018-07-31
Autores
Rabelo, Joseane
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os biossorventes provenientes de materiais lignocelulósicos são alternativas de baixo custo e mais sustentável para o meio ambiente na remoção das espécies metálicas. Neste caminho, o presente trabalho descreve o uso da macrófita, Typha sp, também conhecida como taboa, para remover as espécies metálicas Cu (II), Cr (III), Cd (II) e Zn (II) em amostras aquosas. Caracterizou-se inicialmente a macrófita Typha sp utilizando as técnicas analíticas como: espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FT-IR), análise elementar de N e Ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) de 13C, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raio X (EDS) e análise de área superficial utilizando adsorção de N2. As características adsortivas da Typha sp foram estabelecidas através de experimentos em batelada em função do pH, o tempo de contato e a concentração. As micrografias da Typha sp apresentou-se partículas com morfologia heterogênea, irregular em formato de bastão. O FT-IR e o RMN 13C confirmaram a presença de grupos funcionais como COOH, NH2 e S=C=N, que possuem pares de elétrons não ligantes e que coordenam com as espécies metálicas. A área superficial específica da Typha sp foi menor que 1 m2/g, característico de materiais não porosos. Os experimentos de adsorção mostraram que o pH 5,5 favorece a adsorção das espécies metálicas em estudo. A cinética de adsorção é rápida, sendo menor que 15 min, ajustando aos dados experimentais do modelo cinético de pseudo-segunda ordem. A capacidade máxima de adsorção determinada experimentalmente foi de 9,48, 6,55, 3,01 e 9,52 mg/g para Cr (III), Cu (II), Zn (II) e Cd (II). Respectivamente, os dados obtidos nas isotermas foram aplicados ao modelo Langmuir, cujos valores do coeficiente linear foi maior que 0,95, comprovando o bom ajuste dos dados a este modelo. A adsorção na presença de um segundo íon teve maior interferência para as espécies metálicas de Cu (II) e Zn (II) diminuindo a adsorção em 30 %. Após a determinação das caracteristica adsortivas da Typha sp, essa foi utilizada como suporte sólida na estração em fase sólida. Os parâmetros otimizados no sistema em fluxo para utilizar a Typha sp na extração em fase sólida (SPE) foram: vazão, massa, volume da amostra, concentração do ácido e o volume do eluato, obtendo uma recuperação acima de 78 %. A aplicação nas amostra do Rio Tietê e Paranapanema foram satisfatórias para as espécies Cu (II), Cd (II) e Zn (II), porém a recuperação do Cr (III) foi nula, devido a interferência da matriz. A Typha sp possui grande potencial para ser utilizada como biossorvente na adsorção das espécies metálicas em estudo, devido ao baixo custo do material e a elevada capacidade de adsorção das espécies metálicas.
Biosorbents from lignocellulosic materials are low cost alternatives and more environmentally sustainable in the removal of metal species. In this way, the present work describes the use of the macrophyte, Typha sp, also known as Taboa, to remove the Cu (II), Cr (III), Cd (II) and Zn (II) metal species in aqueous samples. Typha sp macrophyte was initially characterized using analytical techniques such as infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis of N and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy spectroscopy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDS) and surface area analysis using N2 adsorption. The adsorptive characteristics of Typha sp were established through batch experiments as a function of pH, contact time and concentration. The micrographs of the Typha sp presented particles with heterogeneous morphology, irregular in stick format. FT-IR and 13C NMR confirmed the presence of functional groups such as COOH, NH2 and S = C = N, which have non-binding electron pairs and coordinate with the metallic species. The specific surface area of Typha sp was less than 1 m2/g, characteristic of non-porous materials. The adsorption experiments showed that pH 5.5 favors adsorption of the metal species under study. The kinetics of adsorption is fast, being less than 15 min, adjusting to the experimental data of the kinetic model of pseudo-second order. The maximum adsorption capacity determined experimentally was 9.48, 6.55, 3.01 and 9.52 mg/g for Cr (III), Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II). The data obtained in the isotherms were applied to the Langmuir model, whose linear coefficient values were greater than 0.95, confirming the good fit of the data to this model. The adsorption in the presence of a second ion had greater interference for the Cu (II) and Zn (II) metal species, reducing the adsorption by 30%. After the determination of the adsorptive characteristics of Typha sp, this was used as solid support in the solid phase separation. The optimized parameters in the flow system to use Typha sp in the solid phase extraction (SPE) were: flow, mass, sample volume, acid concentration and eluate volume, obtaining a recovery above 78%. The Cu (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II) species were satisfactory for the Tietê and Paranapanema samples, but the Cr (III) recovery was null due to matrix interference. Typha sp has great potential to be used as a biosorbent in the adsorption of the metal species under study, due to the low cost of the material and the high adsorption capacity of the metallic species.
Biosorbents from lignocellulosic materials are low cost alternatives and more environmentally sustainable in the removal of metal species. In this way, the present work describes the use of the macrophyte, Typha sp, also known as Taboa, to remove the Cu (II), Cr (III), Cd (II) and Zn (II) metal species in aqueous samples. Typha sp macrophyte was initially characterized using analytical techniques such as infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis of N and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy spectroscopy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDS) and surface area analysis using N2 adsorption. The adsorptive characteristics of Typha sp were established through batch experiments as a function of pH, contact time and concentration. The micrographs of the Typha sp presented particles with heterogeneous morphology, irregular in stick format. FT-IR and 13C NMR confirmed the presence of functional groups such as COOH, NH2 and S = C = N, which have non-binding electron pairs and coordinate with the metallic species. The specific surface area of Typha sp was less than 1 m2/g, characteristic of non-porous materials. The adsorption experiments showed that pH 5.5 favors adsorption of the metal species under study. The kinetics of adsorption is fast, being less than 15 min, adjusting to the experimental data of the kinetic model of pseudo-second order. The maximum adsorption capacity determined experimentally was 9.48, 6.55, 3.01 and 9.52 mg/g for Cr (III), Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II). The data obtained in the isotherms were applied to the Langmuir model, whose linear coefficient values were greater than 0.95, confirming the good fit of the data to this model. The adsorption in the presence of a second ion had greater interference for the Cu (II) and Zn (II) metal species, reducing the adsorption by 30%. After the determination of the adsorptive characteristics of Typha sp, this was used as solid support in the solid phase separation. The optimized parameters in the flow system to use Typha sp in the solid phase extraction (SPE) were: flow, mass, sample volume, acid concentration and eluate volume, obtaining a recovery above 78%. The Cu (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II) species were satisfactory for the Tietê and Paranapanema samples, but the Cr (III) recovery was null due to matrix interference. Typha sp has great potential to be used as a biosorbent in the adsorption of the metal species under study, due to the low cost of the material and the high adsorption capacity of the metallic species.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Água - Amostragem, Lignocelulose, Metais - Absorção e Adsorção, Macrófitas Aquáticas, Water - Sampling, Lignocellulose, Metals - Absorption and Adsorption, Aquatic macrophytes