A infância no cativeiro: estudo das condições sociais e familiares das crianças escravas e libertas na cidade de São Paulo (1825 – 1888)
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Data
2018-07-31
Autores
Silva, Robson Roberto da
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Essa tese de doutorado em História tem por objetivo analisar as condições e circunstâncias sociais que envolvem as crianças negras e mestiças escravizadas, filhos de escravos, as diversas formações das famílias escravas, suas relações com a família patriarcal na cidade de São Paulo durante o período do século XIX entre os anos de 1825 até 1888 e suas diversas transformações e mudanças no decorrer dessa época. O recorte temporal diz respeito ao período em que o governo imperial começa a intervir nas questões referentes às famílias escravizadas em suas relações com seus senhores, antes limitadas ao ambiente privado das casas-grandes e sobrados senhoriais. Além disso, esse estudo, através da análise documental, vem discutir como as famílias escravizadas conseguiam sobreviver às dificuldades do cativeiro, onde a historiografia tradicional dizia que era impossível a formação familiar entre os escravos, essas análises comprovaram que ao contrario do discurso dos historiadores e sociólogos ortodoxos, foi possível a existência de famílias escravas no cativeiro. O cenário das relações escravagistas sofria uma inflexão em meados do século XIX após a extinção do trafico negreiro e isso permitiu que as famílias escravizadas desenvolvessem novas estratégias de conquista da alforria de seus filhos através da confiança e fidelidade com seus senhores nos testamentos, da compra de cartas de liberdade e do batismo e compadrio. As relações escravagistas e as condições sociais das crianças escravizadas sofreram novas mudanças no decorrer da Guerra do Paraguai (1864 – 1870) e posteriormente com a promulgação da Lei do Ventre Livre em 28 de Setembro de 1871, impondo uma intervenção maior do estado Imperial sobre as relações escravagistas entre senhores e suas escravas e seus filhos. Além disso, será nas ultimas décadas do século XIX que as crianças escravas e libertas terão uma maior inclusão ao mundo da educação através da aprendizagem profissional, contudo, com a intensa imigração europeia na capital paulista, as condições sociais das crianças escravizadas e libertas e de suas famílias se deterioraram gravemente, aumentando os índices de marginalização, indigência, delinquência, prostituição e criminalidade infantil.
This PhD thesis aims to analyze the social conditions and circumstances involving enslaved black and mestizo children, the children of slaves, the various formations of the slave families, and their relations with the patriarchal family in the city of São Paulo during the century between the years of 1825 to 1888 and its various transformations and changes in the course of that time. The temporal cut refers to the period in which the imperial government begins to intervene in the questions concerning the families enslaved in their relations with their masters, previously limited to the private environment of the big houses and the manor houses. Moreover, this study, through documentary analysis, discusses how the enslaved families were able to survive the difficulties of captivity, where traditional historiography said that it was impossible to foster family relations among slaves, these analyzes proved that contrary to the discourse of historians and orthodox sociologists, it was possible to have slave families in captivity. The scenario of slave relations suffered an inflection in the middle of the nineteenth century after the extinction of the slave traders and this allowed enslaved families to develop new strategies for gaining the liberty of their children through trust and fidelity to their lords in the wills of the purchase of letters of freedom and baptism and compadrio. The enslaved relations and the social conditions of the enslaved children underwent new changes during the Paraguayan War (1864 – 1870) and later with the promulgation of the Free Womb Law on September 28, 1871, imposing a greater intervention of the Imperial state on the slave relations between lords and their slaves and their children. In addition, it will be in the last decades of the 19th century that slave and freed children will have a greater inclusion in the world of education through professional learning, however, with the intense European immigration in São Paulo, the social conditions of enslaved and freed children and their families have deteriorated severely, increasing indices of marginalization, indigence, delinquency, prostitution and child crime.
This PhD thesis aims to analyze the social conditions and circumstances involving enslaved black and mestizo children, the children of slaves, the various formations of the slave families, and their relations with the patriarchal family in the city of São Paulo during the century between the years of 1825 to 1888 and its various transformations and changes in the course of that time. The temporal cut refers to the period in which the imperial government begins to intervene in the questions concerning the families enslaved in their relations with their masters, previously limited to the private environment of the big houses and the manor houses. Moreover, this study, through documentary analysis, discusses how the enslaved families were able to survive the difficulties of captivity, where traditional historiography said that it was impossible to foster family relations among slaves, these analyzes proved that contrary to the discourse of historians and orthodox sociologists, it was possible to have slave families in captivity. The scenario of slave relations suffered an inflection in the middle of the nineteenth century after the extinction of the slave traders and this allowed enslaved families to develop new strategies for gaining the liberty of their children through trust and fidelity to their lords in the wills of the purchase of letters of freedom and baptism and compadrio. The enslaved relations and the social conditions of the enslaved children underwent new changes during the Paraguayan War (1864 – 1870) and later with the promulgation of the Free Womb Law on September 28, 1871, imposing a greater intervention of the Imperial state on the slave relations between lords and their slaves and their children. In addition, it will be in the last decades of the 19th century that slave and freed children will have a greater inclusion in the world of education through professional learning, however, with the intense European immigration in São Paulo, the social conditions of enslaved and freed children and their families have deteriorated severely, increasing indices of marginalization, indigence, delinquency, prostitution and child crime.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Escravidão – Condição dos escravos., Escravos libertos., Escravos – Relação com a família., Crianças – Condições sociais.