Meios de representação gráfica de mobiliários em empreendimentos de habitação social: uma avaliação pelos usuários do programa “Minha Casa Minha Vida” em Araçatuba-SP
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Data
2018-06-20
Autores
Souza, Michel Silvestre de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os meios de representação gráfica reproduzem em forma de desenhos os projetos de produtos, móveis, ambientes e construções expressando muitas vezes aquilo que ainda não existe. Nas áreas de design, arquitetura e interiores o mercado de trabalho utiliza muito os desenhos projetivos empregando plantas baixas, cortes e vistas. Mas esse tipo de desenho é compreendido apenas por profissionais ou pessoas que tem relação com desenhos técnicos, pois é uma linguagem que demanda conhecimento técnico. Isso gera uma grande dificuldade de pessoas leigas assimilarem desenhos de projetos. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar os principais meios de representação gráfica utilizados na apresentação de desenhos de móveis, sendo que o público-alvo são moradores (com faixa etária entre 25 a 55 anos de idade) de empreendimentos de habitação social, vinculados ao programa Minha Casa Minha Vida na cidade de Araçatuba-SP. Os bairros definidos foram Residencial Águas Claras, Residencial Porto Real, Residencial Jardim Atlântico e Residencial Beatriz, que estão enquadrados no programa do Governo Federal dentro da faixa 1, que contemplam famílias de baixa renda. Para tanto, foram testados três meios de representação (desenho de expressão manual, desenho técnico auxiliador por computador no ambiente bidimensional e modelagem 3D virtual) de desenhos de mobiliário de uma cozinha de uma residência de habitação popular. Para essa finalidade, foi realizada uma entrevista dirigida onde foram apresentados os meios de representação e em seguida aplicou-se um formulário onde foi possível converter e quantificar em números as respostas dos entrevistados, identificando qual a melhor forma de apresentação de desenhos mais eficiente para um público leigo. A pesquisa apontou que a faixa etária que teve maior número de participantes foram de 41 a 45 anos. Um resultado importante é que os desenhos técnicos são as piores formas de apresentação de desenhos para leigos, sendo uma forma de trabalhar muito característica apenas entre profissionais que já dominam um certo conhecimento técnico. Foi possível identificar que a modelagem 3D virtual é a que mais apresenta retornos positivos em relação a percepção dos desenhos, superando amplamente os outros meios de representação não somente pela compreensão, mas também pela sensação e experiência que trouxe aos entrevistados.
The means of graphic representation reproduce in the form of drawings the designs of products, furniture, environments and constructions often expressing what does not yet exist. In the areas of design, architecture and interiors the labor market uses much of the projective drawings employing low floors, cuts and views. But this type of drawing is understood only by professionals or people who have a relationship with technical drawings, because it is a language that demands technical knowledge. This creates a great difficulty for lay people to assimilate project drawings. The objective of the present research was to evaluate the main means of graphic representation used in the presentation of furniture designs, and the target population are residents (aged 25 to 55 years) of social housing projects, linked to the program My Home My Life in the city of Araçatuba-SP. The defined neighborhoods were Residencial Águas Claras, Residencial Porto Real, Residencial Jardim Atlântico and Residencial Beatriz, which are part of the Federal Government program within the band 1, which include low-income families. For this, three means of representation (manual expression drawing, computer aided technical drawing in the two-dimensional environment and virtual 3D modeling) of furniture designs of a kitchen of a popular housing residence were tested. To this end, a directed interview was conducted where the means of representation were presented and then a form was applied where it was possible to convert and quantify the respondents' responses, identifying the best form of presentation of designs more efficient for a public. The study pointed out that the age group with the highest number of participants was 41 to 45 years. One important result is that the technical drawings are the worst forms of presentation of drawings for lay people, being a very characteristic way of working only among professionals who already have a certain technical knowledge. It was possible to identify that 3D virtual modeling is the one that presents the most positive returns in relation to the perception of the drawings, surpassing widely the other means of representation not only for the understanding, but also for the sensation and experience that brought the interviewees.
The means of graphic representation reproduce in the form of drawings the designs of products, furniture, environments and constructions often expressing what does not yet exist. In the areas of design, architecture and interiors the labor market uses much of the projective drawings employing low floors, cuts and views. But this type of drawing is understood only by professionals or people who have a relationship with technical drawings, because it is a language that demands technical knowledge. This creates a great difficulty for lay people to assimilate project drawings. The objective of the present research was to evaluate the main means of graphic representation used in the presentation of furniture designs, and the target population are residents (aged 25 to 55 years) of social housing projects, linked to the program My Home My Life in the city of Araçatuba-SP. The defined neighborhoods were Residencial Águas Claras, Residencial Porto Real, Residencial Jardim Atlântico and Residencial Beatriz, which are part of the Federal Government program within the band 1, which include low-income families. For this, three means of representation (manual expression drawing, computer aided technical drawing in the two-dimensional environment and virtual 3D modeling) of furniture designs of a kitchen of a popular housing residence were tested. To this end, a directed interview was conducted where the means of representation were presented and then a form was applied where it was possible to convert and quantify the respondents' responses, identifying the best form of presentation of designs more efficient for a public. The study pointed out that the age group with the highest number of participants was 41 to 45 years. One important result is that the technical drawings are the worst forms of presentation of drawings for lay people, being a very characteristic way of working only among professionals who already have a certain technical knowledge. It was possible to identify that 3D virtual modeling is the one that presents the most positive returns in relation to the perception of the drawings, surpassing widely the other means of representation not only for the understanding, but also for the sensation and experience that brought the interviewees.
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Design, Expressão gráfica, Projeto mobiliário, Habitação social, Araçatuba - SP, Graphic expression, Furniture design, Social habitation