Avaliação e monitoramento da qualidade da água em pisciculturas em tanques-rede em um braço do Rio Grande, no Reservatório de Ilha Solteira/SP
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Data
2018-03-05
Autores
Sant'Anna, Iara Bernardi
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil possui amplo potencial para a aquicultura, atividade apontada como uma importante alternativa para o crescimento da produção de pescado no país. A atividade é realizada muitas vezes nos sistemas abertos (reservatórios), e medidas de controle e prevenção assumem grande importância por conta da dificuldade para redução de impactos ambientais desta atividade nas águas, que deve ser preservada a fim de se garantir os seus múltiplos usos. Neste estudo foram realizados o monitoramento e a avaliação da qualidade da água no Ribeirão Can-can, onde estão instaladas três pisciculturas com sistema de cultivo em tanques-rede, localizadas no Reservatório de Ilha Solteira, município de Santa Clara d’Oeste - SP. As amostragens necessárias para a pesquisa e análises foram realizadas com frequência mensal no período entre setembro/2016 e setembro/2017 em quatro pontos do corpo hídrico considerados estratégicos para o objetivo do estudo. A partir dos resultados obtidos das análises físico-químicas e biológicas foi realizada uma análise comparativa com os padrões estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA n° 357/05 para águas doces classe 2, e aplicado o Índice de Qualidade da Água - IQA da CETESB (Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo), a fim de se obter uma classificação quanto a qualidade do corpo hídrico monitorado e poder correlacioná-la com possíveis causas de poluição. Para os valores de IQA observados a qualidade da água foi classificada entre boa e ótima. Apesar disso, foram constatadas elevadas concentrações de fósforo em todas as análises, variando entre 0,07 mg/L e 0,96 mg/L. Em virtude disso, as águas do Ribeirão Can-can merecem atenção por meio de monitoramentos e avaliações constantes, pois apresentam atualmente potencial para eutrofização.
Brazil has a large potential for aquiculture, which is listed as an important alternative to rise fishing production in the country. The activity is developed mostly in open systems (reservoirs), and control and prevention actions take important place due to the difficulty to reduce the environmental impacts of this activity on water, which must be preserved in order to guarantee its multiple uses. In this study, water quality monitoring and evaluation was carried out in Ribeirão Can-can, where are installed three units of fish farms in cage system located at Ilha Solteira Reservoir, at the city of Santa Clara d’Oeste - SP. The analyses needed for the research were carried monthly from September 2016 to September 2017 in four strategic sites of the water body. As of the results of physical, chemical and biological tests a comparative analysis was made with CONAMA Resolution nº 357/05 standards for fresh waters class 2 and applying the Water Quality Index (WQI) from CETESB (Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo) in order to obtain a quality classification level of the monitored water body and correlate it with possible sources of pollution. With the results of WQI observed, the water quality was classified between good and great. Despite it, were found high phosphorus concentrations in all samples, varying between 0,07 mg/L and 0,96 mg/L. As so, the waters of Ribeirão Cancan deserve attention by constant monitoring and evaluations because of its high potential to eutrophication.
Brazil has a large potential for aquiculture, which is listed as an important alternative to rise fishing production in the country. The activity is developed mostly in open systems (reservoirs), and control and prevention actions take important place due to the difficulty to reduce the environmental impacts of this activity on water, which must be preserved in order to guarantee its multiple uses. In this study, water quality monitoring and evaluation was carried out in Ribeirão Can-can, where are installed three units of fish farms in cage system located at Ilha Solteira Reservoir, at the city of Santa Clara d’Oeste - SP. The analyses needed for the research were carried monthly from September 2016 to September 2017 in four strategic sites of the water body. As of the results of physical, chemical and biological tests a comparative analysis was made with CONAMA Resolution nº 357/05 standards for fresh waters class 2 and applying the Water Quality Index (WQI) from CETESB (Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo) in order to obtain a quality classification level of the monitored water body and correlate it with possible sources of pollution. With the results of WQI observed, the water quality was classified between good and great. Despite it, were found high phosphorus concentrations in all samples, varying between 0,07 mg/L and 0,96 mg/L. As so, the waters of Ribeirão Cancan deserve attention by constant monitoring and evaluations because of its high potential to eutrophication.
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Resolução CONAMA nº 357/05, Índice de qualidade da água, Impacto ambiental, Nutrientes, Fósforo, CONAMA Resolution nº 357/05, Water quality index, Environmental impact, Nutrients, Phosphorus