Estímulos multissensoriais na peri-desmama e seus efeitos no bem-estar e desempenho de bezerras girolando
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Data
2018-06-14
Autores
Almeida, Douglas Henrique Silva de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As bezerras leiteiras são submetidas a uma série de manejos estressantes, dentre eles a desmama. O objetivo com o presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da estimulação multissensorial (EM) no comportamento e desempenho de bezerras no período de peri-desmama, esperando minimizar os efeitos potenciais do estresse neste período. Foram utilizadas 28 bezerras Girolando, todas nascidas de partos eutócicos e bem colostradas. Durante a fase de cria (do 1º ao 35º dia de idade) as bezerras foram mantidas em um bezerreiro tropical, onde receberam estimulação tátil. A partir dos 47 dias de idade, os dois grupos de bezerras foram separadas, e levadas para lugares novos, sem contato visual e auditivo entre os animais de cada grupo. No grupo 1 (GM1) foram submetidas ao manejo rotineiro de desmama convencional, com o mínimo de contato com os manejadores. E no grupo 2 (GM2) receberam estimulação multissensorial (visual, tátil e auditiva) dos 50 aos 80 dias de idade e a desmama de ambos os grupos foi realizada no 70º dia de vida. O bem-estar dos animais foi avaliado mediante indicadores fisiológicos como frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR) e temperatura retal (TR), indicadores de saúde como ocorrências de diarreia (DIR), pneumonia (PN), tristeza parasitária bovina (TPB) e hipertermia inespecífica (HIP); comportamentais com os testes distância de fuga (TDF), índice do novo objeto (INO), escore de condução (COND), escore composto de reatividade no tronco de contenção (REA) e velocidade de saída (VS) e indicadores de desempenho (peso corporal e ganho médio diário - GMD). O Índice de novo objeto (INO) foi gerado a partir de uma análise de componentes principais envolvendo as variáveis avaliadas no teste de novo objeto: latência de primeiro contato (LATO), interação com o novo objeto (DINO), número de interações com o novo objeto (INTO) número de quadrantes visitados durante o teste (QUADR) e a frequência de vocalização (VOC); utilizando o programa STATISTICA 7. Os dados foram analisados pelo método de modelos lineares generalizados utilizando-se o PROC GLIMMIX do programa SAS. Houve diferença significativa para o índice do novo objeto (INO) entre os grupos (p= 0.0338) aos 93 dias de vida, após a EM (GM1= -0,29 e GM2= 0,17), com melhor resposta para GM2 (EM). E para os indicadores fisiológicos, de saúde, desempenho e comportamentais, exceto o teste do novo objeto não houveram diferenças significativas entre os grupos (GM1 e GM2). Conclui-se que a EM reduziu a expressão de medo aos 93 dias de idade em bezerras leiteiras e maior exploração do ambiente no teste do novo objeto.
Dairy calves are often submitted to stressful situations, among them those related to weaning procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of multisensory stimulation (MS) on the welfare and performance of calves in the peri-weaning period, hoping to minimize the potential effects of stress that occurs during in this period. Twenty-eight Girolando calves were used, all born from normal births and received good colostrum. During the create phase (from the 1st to the 35th day of age), the calves were kept in a calves calf, where they received tactile stimulation. From the age of 47 days the calves were separated into two groups, and kept in distinct locations without visual contact between the animals of each group. In group 1 (GM1), they were submitted to routine weaning, with minimal contact with handlers. In group 2 (GM2) they received multisensory stimulation (visual, tactile and auditory) from 50 to 80 days of age. Weaning from both groups was performed on the 70th day of life. Animal welfare was evaluated using the following indicators: physiological (heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (TR); (DIR), pneumonia (PN), tick born disease (TPB) and non-specific hyperthermia (HIP)); behavioral (flight distance (DF), reaction new object index (INO), conduction score (COND), reactivity score (REA) and flight speed (VS)) and performance (body weight and ADG). INO was generated from an principal component analysis involving the variables obtained in the test of new object, using the program Statistica 7. The data were analyzed by the generalized linear models, method using PROC GLIMMIX of the SAS program. There was a significant difference between the INO groups at 93 days of life (after MS), with GM2 presented the best reaction (p = 0.0338, GM1 = -0.29 and G2 = 0.17). For the other behavioral indicators and physiological, health and performance indicators, there was no significant difference between the groups (GM1 and GM2). It was concluded that MS reduced the expression of fear at 93 days of age in dairy heifers, as indicated by the greater environmental exploration during the test of the new object.
Dairy calves are often submitted to stressful situations, among them those related to weaning procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of multisensory stimulation (MS) on the welfare and performance of calves in the peri-weaning period, hoping to minimize the potential effects of stress that occurs during in this period. Twenty-eight Girolando calves were used, all born from normal births and received good colostrum. During the create phase (from the 1st to the 35th day of age), the calves were kept in a calves calf, where they received tactile stimulation. From the age of 47 days the calves were separated into two groups, and kept in distinct locations without visual contact between the animals of each group. In group 1 (GM1), they were submitted to routine weaning, with minimal contact with handlers. In group 2 (GM2) they received multisensory stimulation (visual, tactile and auditory) from 50 to 80 days of age. Weaning from both groups was performed on the 70th day of life. Animal welfare was evaluated using the following indicators: physiological (heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (TR); (DIR), pneumonia (PN), tick born disease (TPB) and non-specific hyperthermia (HIP)); behavioral (flight distance (DF), reaction new object index (INO), conduction score (COND), reactivity score (REA) and flight speed (VS)) and performance (body weight and ADG). INO was generated from an principal component analysis involving the variables obtained in the test of new object, using the program Statistica 7. The data were analyzed by the generalized linear models, method using PROC GLIMMIX of the SAS program. There was a significant difference between the INO groups at 93 days of life (after MS), with GM2 presented the best reaction (p = 0.0338, GM1 = -0.29 and G2 = 0.17). For the other behavioral indicators and physiological, health and performance indicators, there was no significant difference between the groups (GM1 and GM2). It was concluded that MS reduced the expression of fear at 93 days of age in dairy heifers, as indicated by the greater environmental exploration during the test of the new object.
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Palavras-chave
Comportamento, Desmama, Estímulos auditivos, Estímulos táteis, Estímulos visuais, Interação humano-animal