Construção de uma ferramenta para avaliação de desempenho ambiental de empresas do setor de celulose
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Data
2018-09-04
Autores
Figueiredo, Paloma Cardoso de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os processos industriais podem gerar resíduos cujos impactos ambientais podem gerar discussões nas esferas sociais e empresariais. Entretanto, há uma distinção dos impactos ambientais provocados por processos manufatureiros de acordo com cada setor industrial. Dentre os setores que se apresentam com alto potencial de geração de resíduos em seus processos produtivos está o setor de celulose. A obtenção da celulose se dá por processos de polpação mecânica, química ou a combinação de ambas, porém, no contexto mundial e nacional, a imponência do processo químico Kraft com posterior branqueamento faz com que o Brasil se torne o quarto maior produtor de celulose do mundo. Desta maneira, o cenário do setor enfrenta um grande desafio: garantir que o processo produtivo seja inovador a ponto de proporcionar sustentabilidade e diminuição dos impactos ambientais. Este quadro demanda da indústria processadora um olhar constante para novas tecnologias, avaliações de desempenho e monitoramento de indicadores mediante o contexto apresentado. Neste sentido, oobjetivo geral deste trabalho consiste na elaboração de uma ferramenta que possa auxiliar as empresas produtoras de celulose Kraftbranqueada a avaliarem seu desempenho ambiental com relação à destinação dada a seus resíduos. Trata-se de um trabalho que possui os objetivos específicos: refinamento da teoria de Análise de Desempenho Ambiental, mapeamento do processo produtivo de celulose branqueada e levantamento dos resíduos gerados, além da elaboração da ferramenta de avaliação. Ao final, como forma de exemplificar a aplicabilidade daferramenta desenvolvida, foi aplicada em uma unidade produtiva do setor a partir da disponibilidade da mesma e cujos processos sejam de produção de celulose Kraft com posterior branqueamento para a comercialização cujo resultado da empresa é tal é de 82,871% segundo a Escala de Desempenho Global, devido ao bom desempenho busca na redução dos impactos ambientais resultantes do processo produtivo.
The Industrial processes can generate waste whose environmental impacts can generate discussions in the social and business spheres. However, there is a distinction of the environmental impacts caused by manufacturing processes according to each industrial sector. Among the sectors that present themselves with high potential for waste generation in their production processes is the pulp sector. The production of cellulose is by mechanical, chemical or combination processes, but in the world and national context, the magnitude of the Kraft chemical process with subsequent bleaching causes Brazil to become the fourth largest pulp producer in world. In this way, the industry scenario faces a great challenge: ensuring that the production process is innovative to the point of providing sustainability and reducing environmental impacts. This framework demands from the processing industry a constant look at new technologies, performance evaluations and monitoring of indicators through the presented context. In this sense, the general objective of this work is the elaboration of a tool that can help the companies producing bleached Kraft pulp to evaluate their environmental performance in relation to the destination given to their residues. It is a work that has the specific objectives: refinement of the theory of Environmental Performance Analysis, mapping of the production process of bleached pulp and collection of waste generated, and the elaboration of the evaluation tool. At the end, as a way to exemplify the applicability of the developed tool, it was applied in a productive unit of the sector from the availability of the same one and whose processes are of production of Kraft pulp with later blanching for the commercialization whose result of the company is such is of 82.871% according to the Global Performance Scale, due to the good performance in the reduction of the environmental impacts resulting from the production process.
The Industrial processes can generate waste whose environmental impacts can generate discussions in the social and business spheres. However, there is a distinction of the environmental impacts caused by manufacturing processes according to each industrial sector. Among the sectors that present themselves with high potential for waste generation in their production processes is the pulp sector. The production of cellulose is by mechanical, chemical or combination processes, but in the world and national context, the magnitude of the Kraft chemical process with subsequent bleaching causes Brazil to become the fourth largest pulp producer in world. In this way, the industry scenario faces a great challenge: ensuring that the production process is innovative to the point of providing sustainability and reducing environmental impacts. This framework demands from the processing industry a constant look at new technologies, performance evaluations and monitoring of indicators through the presented context. In this sense, the general objective of this work is the elaboration of a tool that can help the companies producing bleached Kraft pulp to evaluate their environmental performance in relation to the destination given to their residues. It is a work that has the specific objectives: refinement of the theory of Environmental Performance Analysis, mapping of the production process of bleached pulp and collection of waste generated, and the elaboration of the evaluation tool. At the end, as a way to exemplify the applicability of the developed tool, it was applied in a productive unit of the sector from the availability of the same one and whose processes are of production of Kraft pulp with later blanching for the commercialization whose result of the company is such is of 82.871% according to the Global Performance Scale, due to the good performance in the reduction of the environmental impacts resulting from the production process.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Gestão Ambiental, Desempenho ambiental, Indicadores ambientais, Processo Kraft, Branqueamento