Caracterização morfológica de espécies do gênero Oswaldocruzia Travassos, 1917 (Nematoda: Molineidae) em anfíbios (Anura) em diferentes regiões do Brasil
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Data
2018-07-20
Autores
Castro, Enzo Emmerich Paula
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O gênero Oswaldocruzia inclui parasitas que habitam o trato gastrointestinal de anfíbios e répteis. A ordem Strongylida é caracterizada por nematoides que possuem bolsa copuladora, e os membros dessa ordem que parasitam anfíbios são quase que exclusivamente restritos ao gênero Oswaldocruzia. São nematoides cosmopolitas, mas pouco se sabe de sua biologia. Em todo o mundo são registradas aproximadamente 90 espécies, sendo 22 espécies descritas para anfíbios na América do Sul e, dentre elas, sete são descritas no Brasil. As espécies que ocorrem no Brasil pertencem ao grupo Continental Neotropical, por possuírem espículos com divisão da forquilha no terço final do comprimento do espículo. As mais importantes características das espécies de Trichostrongylina são a disposição da bolsa copuladora, a morfologia dos sinlofes e a anatomia dos espículos. As espécies pertencentes ao grupo Continental Neotropical possuem características comuns, compondo um grupo homogêneo. Essa homogenia torna difícil o diagnóstico das espécies, que podem ser complexos de espécies, subestimadas nos diferentes tipos de hospedeiros anfíbios e nas diferentes regiões brasileiras, tornando necessária uma análise morfológica mais acurada das estruturas mais importantes. O presente estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma avaliação taxonômica de três espécies de Oswaldocruzia em diferentes regiões do Brasil, com intuito de contribuir para o conhecimento da taxonomia morfológica destes parasitas na região Neotropical. Espécimes de Oswaldocruzia spp. foram coletados em estômago e intestino de Rhinella spp. provenientes do Centro-Oeste, Sudeste e Nordeste do Brasil, clarificados com fenol e analisados em microscópio com sistema de análise de imagens. Amostras de cada helminto também foram analisadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura para análise da morfologia externa. Cortes histológicos foram realizados para estudos dos sinlofes. Foi realizado a redescrição de Oswaldocruzia proencai parasitando Rhinella schneideri e Rhinella icterica em Botucatu, São Paulo, assim como o registro de duas possíveis novas espécies para a região Neotropical, uma parasitando R. schneideri em Brasilândia, Mato Grosso do Sul e outra em Rhinella jimi e Rhinella granulosa em Picos, Piauí.
The genus Oswaldocruzia includes parasites that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of amphibians and reptiles. The order Strongylida is characterized by nematodes that possess a caudal bursa, and the members of that order parazitizing amphibians are almost exclusively restricted to the genus Oswladocruzia. They are cosmopolitan nematodes, but little is known about their biology. Approximately 90 species are recorded worldwide, of which 22 are described for amphibians in South America, and seven are described in Brazil. The species distributed in Brazil belong to group Continental Neotropical, because they have spicules with division of the fork in the final third of the length of the spicules. The most important characteristics of the species of Trichostrongylina are the disposition of the caudal bursa, the morphology of the synlophe and the anatomy of the spicules. The species belong to the Continental Neotropical group have common characteristics, composing a homogeneous group. This homogeneity makes it difficult to diagnose species, which may be species complexes, underestimated in the different types of amphibian hosts and in different Brazilian regions, thus it is necessary to make a more accurate morphological analysis of the most important structures of these helminths. The present study aims to carry out a taxonomic evaluation of three species of Oswaldocruzia sp. in different regions of Brazil, aiming at contributing to the knowledge of morphological taxonomy of these parasites in the Neotropical region. Oswaldocruzia spp. specimens were collected in the stomach and intestine of Rhinella spp. from the Center-West, Southeast, and Northeast of Brazil, clarified with phenol, and analyzed in microscope with an image analysis system. Samples of each helminth were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to analysis of the external morphology. Histological sections were also used to study the synlophes. It was carried out the redescription of Oswaldocruzia proencai parasitizing Rhinella schneideri and Rhinella icterica in the municipality of Botucatu, São Paulo State, as well as the registry of two possible new species for the Neotropical region, one parasitizing R. schneideri in the municipality of Brasilândia, Mato Grosso do Sul State and another in Rhinella jimi e Rhinella granulosa in the municipality of Picos, Piauí State.
The genus Oswaldocruzia includes parasites that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of amphibians and reptiles. The order Strongylida is characterized by nematodes that possess a caudal bursa, and the members of that order parazitizing amphibians are almost exclusively restricted to the genus Oswladocruzia. They are cosmopolitan nematodes, but little is known about their biology. Approximately 90 species are recorded worldwide, of which 22 are described for amphibians in South America, and seven are described in Brazil. The species distributed in Brazil belong to group Continental Neotropical, because they have spicules with division of the fork in the final third of the length of the spicules. The most important characteristics of the species of Trichostrongylina are the disposition of the caudal bursa, the morphology of the synlophe and the anatomy of the spicules. The species belong to the Continental Neotropical group have common characteristics, composing a homogeneous group. This homogeneity makes it difficult to diagnose species, which may be species complexes, underestimated in the different types of amphibian hosts and in different Brazilian regions, thus it is necessary to make a more accurate morphological analysis of the most important structures of these helminths. The present study aims to carry out a taxonomic evaluation of three species of Oswaldocruzia sp. in different regions of Brazil, aiming at contributing to the knowledge of morphological taxonomy of these parasites in the Neotropical region. Oswaldocruzia spp. specimens were collected in the stomach and intestine of Rhinella spp. from the Center-West, Southeast, and Northeast of Brazil, clarified with phenol, and analyzed in microscope with an image analysis system. Samples of each helminth were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to analysis of the external morphology. Histological sections were also used to study the synlophes. It was carried out the redescription of Oswaldocruzia proencai parasitizing Rhinella schneideri and Rhinella icterica in the municipality of Botucatu, São Paulo State, as well as the registry of two possible new species for the Neotropical region, one parasitizing R. schneideri in the municipality of Brasilândia, Mato Grosso do Sul State and another in Rhinella jimi e Rhinella granulosa in the municipality of Picos, Piauí State.
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Palavras-chave
Parasitas, Helmintos, Strongylida, Anfíbios, Nematoda, Trichostrongylina, Bufonidae, Anura, Parasites, Helminths, Amphibians, Endoparasites