Análise dos efeitos de uma intervenção analítico-comportamental para casais sobre a conjugalidade, saúde mental, parentalidade e comportamento infantil
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Data
2018-08-17
Autores
Ferraz, Flaviane Izidro Alves de Lima
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O relacionamento conjugal exerce um papel importante na vida dos indivíduos, influenciando e sendo influenciado por diversas esferas da vida. Déficits no repertório de habilidades sociais de comunicação e resolução de problemas podem favorecer condições de adoecimento e prejudicar a interação entre casais, pais e filhos. O trabalho constituiu-se por dois estudos que compartilham o objetivo geral de avaliar a efetividade de um procedimento de intervenção analítico-comportamental com treinamento de habilidades sociais para casais sobre a conjugalidade, saúde mental, parentalidade e comportamento infantil, conforme delineamento quase-experimental. O objetivo específico do Estudo I foi descrever os resultados da intervenção sobre habilidades sociais conjugais e do Estudo II foi descrever os resultados sobre indicadores de ansiedade e depressão, práticas educativas parentais, problemas de comportamento e habilidades sociais infantis. Alocou-se a amostra (n=18) em dois grupos: grupo experimental (GE) composto por cinco casais (M tempo de união = 8,8 anos, M idade dos homens = 38,6, M idade das mulheres = 33 anos) com filhos (M idade dos filhos = 5,6 anos) e grupo comparação (GC) composto por quatro casais (M tempo de união = 8,75, M idade dos homens = 34,75 e M idade das mulheres = 35,75) com filhos (M idade dos filhos = 4,5). Cada díade foi atendida separadamente (17 encontros, 2h) e possuía repertório de entrada equivalente (Teste de Mann-Whitney). Aplicou-se o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais Conjugais, Questionário de Relacionamento Conjugal, Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck, Inventário de Depressão de Beck, Child Behavior Checklist, Questionário de Respostas Socialmente Habilidosas - versão Pais e o Roteiro de Entrevista de Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais. Comparou-se (Teste de Wilcoxon) os dados coletados antes da intervenção (GE - pré-teste e GC - linhas de base 1 e 2), durante a intervenção (GE - medida intermediária) e após a intervenção (GE - pós-teste e seguimento de seis meses). Houve mudanças significativas na média do escore total de HS (M = 79,30 (11,85) para 97,70 (15,29), p = 0,005); no escore médio de comunicação positiva (M = 23,70 (4,07) para M = 27,00 (3,57), p = 0,007); comunicação negativa (M = 74,80 (16,14) para M = 21,20 (6,03), p = 0,007); afeto positivo (M = 74,80 (16,14) para M = 89,00 (17,95), p = 0,066); o escore médio de ansiedade (M = 12,1 (6,31) para 4,3 (3,16), p = 0,005); no escore médio de depressão (M = 14,9 (48,43) para 4,1 (4,43), p = 0,005); no escore total de habilidades infantis (M = 26,6 (5,98) para 31,6 (4,15), p = 0,007); no escore médio de problemas externalizantes (M = 9,90 (6,26) para 6,7 (7,95), p = 0,068); problemas internalizantes (M = 11 (9,84) para 7,7 (11,84), p = 0,042), problemas totais (M = 35,6 (23,41) para 24,8 (29,44), p = 0,043); nos escores médios de práticas educativas parentais (M contexto= 3,10 (2,02) para 5,00 (2,01), p = 0,034; M problemas = 1,8 (1,33) para 1,7 (1,27), p = 0,027; M total negativo = 10,4 (4,05) para 9,4 (4,41), p = 0,066 e M total positivo = 24,1 (7,05) para 26,80 (8,35), p = 0,027). No GC, não houve mudanças significativas. Os resultados sugerem o potencial da intervenção para contribuir para a construção de relações familiares mutuamente habilidosas, impactando positivamente a interação conjugal-parental-filial e a saúde mental dos envolvidos.
The marital relationship plays a significant role in individuals’ lives, affecting and being affected by people’s experiences. However, lack of social interaction skills, such as communication and problem-solving skills, may jeopardize spouses’ relationship and the interactions with their children, as well as might be associated with the development of mental health illnesses. The purpose of this research, which included two studies, was to evaluate the effectiveness of an analytical behavioral intervention targeted at couples, focused on social skills training. Studies 1 and 2 were built on an experimental design. The objective of study 1 was to analyze the effects of the intervention on conjugality (marital social skills); study 2 examined mental health outcomes (anxiety and depression) and children’s behavior (parental educational practices and child behavior problems). The sample consisted of 18 participants (nine men and nine women), married, aged between 27 and 45 years, with children (four boys and five girls) aged between 2 and 10 years. The participants were allocated to two groups: experimental group (five couples) and control group (four couples). Semi-structured interviews were conducted to deliver the intervention and gather qualitative data. In addition, all subjects answered the following instruments: Marital Relationship Questionnaire, Social Marital Skills Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Social Skills Questionnaire – Parents, Child Behavior Checklist, and Assessment of Parents’ Educational Social Skills. The data was categorized according to the instructions of each instrument; the data analysis compared the two groups statistically - Wilcoxon test - before the intervention (control group - baseline 1 and baseline 2, and experimental group - pre-test), during the procedure (intermediate measure), and after the intervention (post-test and 6-month follow-up). Also, the subjects were analyzed individually before and after the intervention. In study 1, there were significant changes in the mean of the total HS score (M = 79.30 (11.85) to 97.70 (15.29), p = 0.005); mean positive communication score (M = 23.70 (4.07) for M = 27.00 (3.57), p = 0.007); negative communication (M = 74.80 (16.14) to M = 21.20 (6.03), p = 0.007); positive affect (M = 74.80, (16.14) to M = 89.00 (17.95), p = 0.066); mean anxiety score (M = 12.1 (6.31) to 4.3 (3.16), p = 0.005); mean depression score (M = 14.9 (48.43) to 4.1 (4.43), p = 0.005); children's abilities total score (M = 26.6 (5.98) to 31.6 (4.15), p = 0.007); mean score of externalizing problems (M = 9.90 (6.26) to 6.7 (7.95), p = 0.068); internalizing problems (M = 11 (9.84) to 7.7 (11.84), p = 0.042), total problems (M = 35.6 (23.41) to 24.8 (29.44), p = 0.043); and mean scores of parental educational practices (M context = 3.10 (2.02) to 5.00 (2.01), p = 0.034; M problems = 1.8 (1.33) to 1.7 (1 , P = 0.027, M total negative = 10.4 (4.05) to 9.4 (4.41), p = 0.066 and M total positive = 24.1 (7.05) to 26.80 (8.35), p = 0.027). There were no significant changes in the control group. The results suggest that the intervention impacted positively on marital and parental interactions, as well as on subjects’ mental health, contributing to the development of healthy family relationships. Lastly, the present research contributes to knowledge by building its methodology on experimental and multiple baseline designs, in addition to the inclusion of mental health cues among the variables that influence marital and parental interactions.
The marital relationship plays a significant role in individuals’ lives, affecting and being affected by people’s experiences. However, lack of social interaction skills, such as communication and problem-solving skills, may jeopardize spouses’ relationship and the interactions with their children, as well as might be associated with the development of mental health illnesses. The purpose of this research, which included two studies, was to evaluate the effectiveness of an analytical behavioral intervention targeted at couples, focused on social skills training. Studies 1 and 2 were built on an experimental design. The objective of study 1 was to analyze the effects of the intervention on conjugality (marital social skills); study 2 examined mental health outcomes (anxiety and depression) and children’s behavior (parental educational practices and child behavior problems). The sample consisted of 18 participants (nine men and nine women), married, aged between 27 and 45 years, with children (four boys and five girls) aged between 2 and 10 years. The participants were allocated to two groups: experimental group (five couples) and control group (four couples). Semi-structured interviews were conducted to deliver the intervention and gather qualitative data. In addition, all subjects answered the following instruments: Marital Relationship Questionnaire, Social Marital Skills Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Social Skills Questionnaire – Parents, Child Behavior Checklist, and Assessment of Parents’ Educational Social Skills. The data was categorized according to the instructions of each instrument; the data analysis compared the two groups statistically - Wilcoxon test - before the intervention (control group - baseline 1 and baseline 2, and experimental group - pre-test), during the procedure (intermediate measure), and after the intervention (post-test and 6-month follow-up). Also, the subjects were analyzed individually before and after the intervention. In study 1, there were significant changes in the mean of the total HS score (M = 79.30 (11.85) to 97.70 (15.29), p = 0.005); mean positive communication score (M = 23.70 (4.07) for M = 27.00 (3.57), p = 0.007); negative communication (M = 74.80 (16.14) to M = 21.20 (6.03), p = 0.007); positive affect (M = 74.80, (16.14) to M = 89.00 (17.95), p = 0.066); mean anxiety score (M = 12.1 (6.31) to 4.3 (3.16), p = 0.005); mean depression score (M = 14.9 (48.43) to 4.1 (4.43), p = 0.005); children's abilities total score (M = 26.6 (5.98) to 31.6 (4.15), p = 0.007); mean score of externalizing problems (M = 9.90 (6.26) to 6.7 (7.95), p = 0.068); internalizing problems (M = 11 (9.84) to 7.7 (11.84), p = 0.042), total problems (M = 35.6 (23.41) to 24.8 (29.44), p = 0.043); and mean scores of parental educational practices (M context = 3.10 (2.02) to 5.00 (2.01), p = 0.034; M problems = 1.8 (1.33) to 1.7 (1 , P = 0.027, M total negative = 10.4 (4.05) to 9.4 (4.41), p = 0.066 and M total positive = 24.1 (7.05) to 26.80 (8.35), p = 0.027). There were no significant changes in the control group. The results suggest that the intervention impacted positively on marital and parental interactions, as well as on subjects’ mental health, contributing to the development of healthy family relationships. Lastly, the present research contributes to knowledge by building its methodology on experimental and multiple baseline designs, in addition to the inclusion of mental health cues among the variables that influence marital and parental interactions.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Relacionamento conjugal, Relacionamento parental, Saúde mental, Habilidades sociais, Problemas de comportamento, Terapia analítico-comportamental, Marital relationship, Parental relationship, Mental health, Social skills, Behavior problems, Analytical behavioral therapy