Planejamento amostral para mapeamento de argila do solo com cokrigagem e suscetibilidade magnética
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Data
2018-09-10
Autores
Marchesi, Cristiano de Souza
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O mapeamento acurado dos atributos do solo apresenta elevado custo, muitas vezes inviabilizador para uso agrícola, principalmente pelo grande número de amostras normalmente exigidas para a coleta e análises laboratoriais. Neste sentido, é necessário o aprofundamento de pesquisas envolvendo metodologias e novos conhecimentos que têm se mostrado eficientes no propósito de geração de mapas de solos com qualidade e possibilidade de redução de custo. Com este propósito, avaliou-se o mapeamento da argila do solo com auxílio da SM no procedimento de interpolação por cokrigagem ordinária (CKO). O objetivo foi usar o método de CKO com o auxilio da SM (medida analítica obtida por um custo relativamente mais baixo do que a da argila) para reduzir a densidade de amostragem da argila e gerar mapas mais acurados. Para tal, usou-se o procedimento de validação com uso de dados independentes (10% dos dados) para checagem dos erros de predição (RMSE) que permitiu avaliar a acurácia dos mapas. A área estudada é um campo agrícola canavieiro que possui 870 ha localizado em Guatapará-SP. Nesta área medidas de SM do solo e do teor de argila do mesmo foram obtidas de 371 amostras coletadas na profundidade de 0-0,25 m de uma malha com pontos separados por distâncias mínimas variando de 145 m a 174 m. Para avaliar a redução da densidade de amostragem da argila, testou-se 14 cenários de diferentes proporções amostrais das duas variáveis. A amostragem da argila correspondeu às densidades de 1 ponto a cada 2,6; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14 e 15 ha, que, em cada uma se incorporou a SM amostrada em 1 ponto a cada 2,6 ha. Os resultados mostraram que esta incorporação proporcionou aumento na acurácia das estimativas em 6 dos 14 cenários estudados. O cenário que apresentou a melhor performance, proporcionou 7,46% de aumento na acurácia com 63% de redução na densidade de amostragem para a argila. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciam o potencial da SM como uma covariável auxiliar junto com o método de CKO no mapeamento da argila com melhor acurácia e considerável economia amostral da mesma.
The accurate mapping of soil attributes presents a high cost, often unfeasible for agricultural use, mainly due to the large number of samples normally required for the collection and laboratory tests. In this sense, it is necessary to deepen research involving methodologies and new knowledge that have proven efficient in the purpose of generating soil maps with quality and possibility of cost reduction. For this purpose, the soil clay mapping was evaluated using magnetic susceptibility (MS) in the ordinary cokriging (OCK) interpolation procedure. The objective was to use the OCK method with the help of MS (analytical measurement obtained at a relatively lower cost than that of clay) to reduce the sampling density of the clay and generate more accurate maps. For this, the validation procedure was used with independent data (10% of the data) to verify the prediction errors (RMSE) that allowed to evaluate the accuracy of the maps. The studied area is a sugar cane field that has 870 ha located in Guatapará-SP. In this area measurements of soil MS and clay content were obtained from 371 samples collected at 0-0.25 m depth of a mesh with points separated by minimum distances varying from 145 m to 174 m. To evaluate the reduction of clay sampling density, 14 scenarios of different sample proportions of the two variables were tested. Sampling of the clay corresponded to densities of 1 point every 2.6; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14 and 15 ha, that in each one was incorporated the sampled MS at 1 point every 2.6 ha. The results showed that this incorporation provided an increase in the accuracy of the estimates in 6 of the 14 scenarios studied. The scenario that presented the best performance, provided a 7.46% increase in accuracy with a 63% reduction in the sampling density for clay. The results of this study evidenced the potential of MS as an auxiliary covariate along with the OCK method in the mapping of clay with better accuracy and considerable sample savings.
The accurate mapping of soil attributes presents a high cost, often unfeasible for agricultural use, mainly due to the large number of samples normally required for the collection and laboratory tests. In this sense, it is necessary to deepen research involving methodologies and new knowledge that have proven efficient in the purpose of generating soil maps with quality and possibility of cost reduction. For this purpose, the soil clay mapping was evaluated using magnetic susceptibility (MS) in the ordinary cokriging (OCK) interpolation procedure. The objective was to use the OCK method with the help of MS (analytical measurement obtained at a relatively lower cost than that of clay) to reduce the sampling density of the clay and generate more accurate maps. For this, the validation procedure was used with independent data (10% of the data) to verify the prediction errors (RMSE) that allowed to evaluate the accuracy of the maps. The studied area is a sugar cane field that has 870 ha located in Guatapará-SP. In this area measurements of soil MS and clay content were obtained from 371 samples collected at 0-0.25 m depth of a mesh with points separated by minimum distances varying from 145 m to 174 m. To evaluate the reduction of clay sampling density, 14 scenarios of different sample proportions of the two variables were tested. Sampling of the clay corresponded to densities of 1 point every 2.6; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14 and 15 ha, that in each one was incorporated the sampled MS at 1 point every 2.6 ha. The results showed that this incorporation provided an increase in the accuracy of the estimates in 6 of the 14 scenarios studied. The scenario that presented the best performance, provided a 7.46% increase in accuracy with a 63% reduction in the sampling density for clay. The results of this study evidenced the potential of MS as an auxiliary covariate along with the OCK method in the mapping of clay with better accuracy and considerable sample savings.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Pedometria, Geoestatística, Pedometry, Geostatistics, Proporção amostral, Validação, Acurácia, Mapa de qualidade, Sample proportion, Validation, Accuracy