Desafios e possibilidades para a formação continuada de professores de crianças de 4 e 5 anos para a literacia científica no Município de Amajari, Roraima
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Data
2018-07-31
Autores
Fioretti, Elena Campo
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta tese, vinculada à linha de pesquisa “Processos Formativos, Infância e Juventude” do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da FCT/UNESP, campus de Presidente Prudente, se originou da concepção de literacia científica. O argumento é o de que a criança pré-escolar compreende e intervém com criticidade, no mundo contemporâneo, se os seus professores oferecem educação científica, o que demanda formação continuada que os promova à literacia científica. Com o problema investigativo: quais desafios deverão ser enfrentados pelo Sistema Municipal de Educação de Amajari, Roraima, para promover formação continuada dos professores de crianças de 4e 5 anos para a literacia científica?, o objeto de estudo foi a formação continuada iluminada pelo conceito da literacia científica para professores das crianças de 4 e 5 anos de idade. O objetivo geral: analisar os desafios e identificar as possibilidades a serem enfrentados pelo Sistema Municipal de Educação de Amajari, Roraima, para possibilitar formação continuada dos professores de crianças de 4 e 5 anos com os fundamentos da educação científica, de modo a conduzi-los à literacia científica. Foram objetivos específicos: examinar a estrutura do Sistema Educacional desse Município; investigar a situação funcional dos profissionais desse sistema educacional; pesquisar a concepção dos profissionais desse sistema educacional sobre formação continuada com educação científica, na Educação Infantil; refletir sobre desafios e possibilidades resultantes da análise dos dados, visando à formação continuada amparada na educação científica, que leve professores de crianças de 4 e 5 anos à literacia científica. Ideias da Teoria Histórico-Cultural tangenciaram conceitos de formação continuada com os fundamentos da educação científica, como pressuposto para a ação docente, reconhecendo que o conhecimento científico é base que favorece a literacia científica, na forma de capacidade de usar conhecimentos, reconhecer questões científicas e apoiar a tomada de decisões no mundo atual, com as mudanças ocorridas pela atividade humana. De abordagem qualitativa, a investigação contou com participantes coordenadores educacionais, gestores da Educação Infantil e professoras que atuam com crianças de 4 e 5 anos de idade. A metodologia de caráter exploratório e descritivo permitiu compreender essa realidade pouco conhecida e promoveu o levantamento bibliográfico de dissertações e teses referentes ao tema, em bases digitais de instituições afins e bibliotecas virtuais de Universidades brasileiras e portuguesas. Os dados empíricos foram obtidos através de documentos oficiais dessa Secretaria de Educação; de entrevistas coletivas e de questionários envolvendo coordenadores educacionais, gestores e professores da educação pré-escolar desse município. A análise de dados ocorreu por meio da técnica da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam, como desafios: os documentos das ações de políticas públicas desse sistema educacional são desarticulados e não definem diretrizes de formação continuada dos professores da pré-escola; esse sistema de educação é frágil, por não possuir quadro de profissionais permanente e plano de carreira. Os professores, sem formação na educação científica, possuem baixo nível de literacia científica, o que dificulta o ensino das ciências e a promoção de literacia científica nas crianças pré-escolares. Os resultados apontam as seguintes possibilidades: execução de planejamento e implantação de programa de formação continuada fundamentada na educação científica; organização de atividades do ensino das ciências para a literacia científica das crianças da pré-escola; adequação, criação e uso de espaços não formais como ambiente de aprendizagem científica; produção de materiais e equipamentos alternativos para o ensino de ciências na pré-escola.
This thesis, linked to the research line "Formative Processes, Childhood and Youth" of the Postgraduate Program in Education of FCT / UNESP, Presidente Prudente campus, originated from the concept of scientific literacy. The argument is that preschoolers understand and intervene critically in the contemporary world if their teachers offer them science based approach education, which requires continued education to promote them to scientific literacy. With the investigative problem: what challenges should be faced by the Municipal Education System of Amajari, Roraima, to promote continuing education of teachers of children between the ages of 4 and 5 years for scientific literacy? The object of study is continued education illuminated by the concept of scientific literacy for teachers of children between the ages of 4 and 5 years. The general objective is to analyze the challenges and identify the possibilities to be faced by the Municipal Education System of Amajari, Roraima, to enable continuing education of preschool teachers with the foundations of scientific education in order to lead them to scientific literacy. Specific objectives were: to examine the structure of the Educational System of this Municipality; to investigate the functional situation of the professionals of this educational system; to research the conception of the professionals of this educational system on continuing education with scientific education in Child Education; to reflect on the challenges and possibilities resulting from data analysis, aiming at the continued education supported by scientific education, which will bring teachers of children between the age of 4 and 5 years to scientific literacy. Ideas of the Historical-Cultural Theory goes on tangent with concepts of continuous education with the foundations of scientific education, as a presupposition for teaching practice, recognizing that scientific knowledge is the basis that favors scientific literacy, in the form of capacity to use knowledge, to recognize scientific matters and support decision-making in the natural world regarding changes in human activity. From a qualitative approach, the research counted on educational coordinators, children's education managers and teachers who work with children between the age of 4 and 5 years. The exploratory and descriptive methodology permits the understanding of this little known reality and promoted the bibliographical survey of dissertations and theses related to the subject, in digital data bases of related institutions and virtual libraries of Brazilian and Portuguese universities. The empirical data were obtained through official documents from the Education Department; of collective interviews and questionnaires involving educational coordinators, managers and teachers of the pre-school education of this municipality. Data analysis took place through the content analysis methodology. The results indicate, as challenges: the documents of the public policy actions this educational system are disjointed and do not define guidelines for the continuing education of pre-school teachers; this system of education is fragile, as it does not have a permanent professional staff and a career plan. Teachers, with no education in science education, have a low level of scientific literacy, which makes it difficult to teach science and promote scientific literacy in preschool children. The results indicate the following possibilities: planning and implementation of a continuing education program based on scientific education; organization of science education activities for the scientific literacy of pre-school children; adaptation, creation and use of non-formal spaces as a scientific learning environment; production of alternative materials and equipment for pre-school science education.
This thesis, linked to the research line "Formative Processes, Childhood and Youth" of the Postgraduate Program in Education of FCT / UNESP, Presidente Prudente campus, originated from the concept of scientific literacy. The argument is that preschoolers understand and intervene critically in the contemporary world if their teachers offer them science based approach education, which requires continued education to promote them to scientific literacy. With the investigative problem: what challenges should be faced by the Municipal Education System of Amajari, Roraima, to promote continuing education of teachers of children between the ages of 4 and 5 years for scientific literacy? The object of study is continued education illuminated by the concept of scientific literacy for teachers of children between the ages of 4 and 5 years. The general objective is to analyze the challenges and identify the possibilities to be faced by the Municipal Education System of Amajari, Roraima, to enable continuing education of preschool teachers with the foundations of scientific education in order to lead them to scientific literacy. Specific objectives were: to examine the structure of the Educational System of this Municipality; to investigate the functional situation of the professionals of this educational system; to research the conception of the professionals of this educational system on continuing education with scientific education in Child Education; to reflect on the challenges and possibilities resulting from data analysis, aiming at the continued education supported by scientific education, which will bring teachers of children between the age of 4 and 5 years to scientific literacy. Ideas of the Historical-Cultural Theory goes on tangent with concepts of continuous education with the foundations of scientific education, as a presupposition for teaching practice, recognizing that scientific knowledge is the basis that favors scientific literacy, in the form of capacity to use knowledge, to recognize scientific matters and support decision-making in the natural world regarding changes in human activity. From a qualitative approach, the research counted on educational coordinators, children's education managers and teachers who work with children between the age of 4 and 5 years. The exploratory and descriptive methodology permits the understanding of this little known reality and promoted the bibliographical survey of dissertations and theses related to the subject, in digital data bases of related institutions and virtual libraries of Brazilian and Portuguese universities. The empirical data were obtained through official documents from the Education Department; of collective interviews and questionnaires involving educational coordinators, managers and teachers of the pre-school education of this municipality. Data analysis took place through the content analysis methodology. The results indicate, as challenges: the documents of the public policy actions this educational system are disjointed and do not define guidelines for the continuing education of pre-school teachers; this system of education is fragile, as it does not have a permanent professional staff and a career plan. Teachers, with no education in science education, have a low level of scientific literacy, which makes it difficult to teach science and promote scientific literacy in preschool children. The results indicate the following possibilities: planning and implementation of a continuing education program based on scientific education; organization of science education activities for the scientific literacy of pre-school children; adaptation, creation and use of non-formal spaces as a scientific learning environment; production of alternative materials and equipment for pre-school science education.
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Palavras-chave
Educação, Educação Infantil, Formação Continuada de Professores, Educação Científica, Literacia Científica, Education, Childhood education, Continuing Education for Teacher, Scientific Education, Scientific Literacy