Himenópteros parasitoides de Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) no estado de São Paulo
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Data
2018-08-29
Autores
Siqueira, Matheus Alves de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
RESUMO – A família Pseudococcidae é a segunda maior da Infraordem Coccomorpha, com cerca de 2000 espécies descritas. No Brasil, conhecidas popularmente como cochonilhas-farinhentas, compreendem a terceira maior família, com 77 espécies registradas, distribuídas em 22 gêneros. Destas, 32 espécies são conhecidas para o estado de São Paulo, sendo 30% polífagas e de origem exótica, infestando plantas de importância agrícola. O controle biológico é uma alternativa, e dentre os inimigos naturais os himenópteros parasitoides vêm sendo muito utilizados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi inventariar os micro-himenópteros parasitoides de 11 espécies de pseudococcídeos pragas, primarias ou secundarias, de várias culturas e plantas ornamentais no estado de São Paulo, como café, citros, pinha, goiabeira, entre outros, relacionando estes com seu hospedeiro, origem e distribuição geográfica. Os levantamentos dos himenópteros parasitoides foram realizados entre agosto de 2016 e agosto de 2017, de forma aleatória, em áreas rural e urbana de cinco municípios do estado São Paulo: Jales, Ribeirão Preto, Jaboticabal, São Carlos e Campinas. As espécies de pseudococcídeos amostrados para obtenção dos parasitoides foram: Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell, 1893), Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell, 1893), Leptococcus capixaba Kondo, 2005, Leptococcus minutus (Hempel, 1932), Maconelicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908), Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell, 1893), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898, Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813), Planococcus minor (Maskell, 1897), Pseudococcus cryptus (Hempel, 1918) e Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti, 1867). Obtiveram-se 628 exemplares de himenópteros parasitoides, distribuídos em 27 espécies. Registra-se aqui, pela primeira vez, Bothriocraera bicolor Compere & Zinna, 1955, Gyranusoidea deionae Noyes, 2000 e Allotropa merrilli Muesebeck, 1954 no Brasil; e, Anagyrus fusciventris (Girault, 1915), Gyranusoidea pseudococci (Bréthes, 1924) e Tetracnemoidea peregrina (Compere, 1939) para o estado de São Paulo; e 26 novas associações entre cochonilha/parasitoide. Os gêneros que apresentaram o maior número de espécies associadas aos pseudococcídeos foram: Gyranusoidea, Anagyrus e Aprostocetus.
ABSTRACT– The Pseudococcidae family is the second largest from the Coccomorpha Infraorder, with about 2000 described species. In Brazil, popularly known as mealybugs, it comprised the third largest family, with 77 species registered, distributed in 22 genera. From these, 32 species are known to the state of São Paulo, being 30% polyphagous from exotic origin, infesting plants of agricultural importance. Biological control is an alternative and among natural enemies, parasitoid Hymenoptera are being widely used. The objective of this work was to inventory the parasitoid microhymenoptera from 11 mealybug pest species, primary or secondary, from various crops and ornamental plants in the state of São Paulo, such as coffee, citrus, sugar-apple, guavas and others, relating these to their host, origin and geographical distribution. The parasitoid hymenopteran surveys were carried out between August 2016 and August 2017, in a random way, in rural and urban areas from five municipalities in the state of São Paulo: Jales, Ribeirão Preto, Jaboticabal, São Carlos and Campinas. The Pseudococcidae species sampled to obtain parasitoids were: Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell, 1893), Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell, 1893), Leptococcus capixaba Kondo, 2005, Leptococcus minutus (Hempel, 1932), Maconelicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908), Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell, 1893), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898, Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813), Planococcus minor (Maskell, 1897), Pseudococcus cryptus (Hempel, 1918) and Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti, 1867). There were 628 specimens of parasitoid Hymenoptera distributed in 27 different species. It is recorded here, for the first time, Bothriocraera bicolor Compere & Zinna, 1955, Gyranusoidea deionae Noyes, 2000 and Allotropa merrilli Muesebeck, 1954 for Brazil; and, Anagyrus fusciventris (Girault, 1915), Gyranusoidea pseudococci (Bréthes, 1924), e Tetracnemoidea peregrina (Compere, 1939) for the state of São Paulo; and 26 new associations between mealybugs x parasitoids. The genera that presented the greatest number of species associated to the Pseudococcidae were: Gyranusoidea, Anagyrus e Aprostocetus.
ABSTRACT– The Pseudococcidae family is the second largest from the Coccomorpha Infraorder, with about 2000 described species. In Brazil, popularly known as mealybugs, it comprised the third largest family, with 77 species registered, distributed in 22 genera. From these, 32 species are known to the state of São Paulo, being 30% polyphagous from exotic origin, infesting plants of agricultural importance. Biological control is an alternative and among natural enemies, parasitoid Hymenoptera are being widely used. The objective of this work was to inventory the parasitoid microhymenoptera from 11 mealybug pest species, primary or secondary, from various crops and ornamental plants in the state of São Paulo, such as coffee, citrus, sugar-apple, guavas and others, relating these to their host, origin and geographical distribution. The parasitoid hymenopteran surveys were carried out between August 2016 and August 2017, in a random way, in rural and urban areas from five municipalities in the state of São Paulo: Jales, Ribeirão Preto, Jaboticabal, São Carlos and Campinas. The Pseudococcidae species sampled to obtain parasitoids were: Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell, 1893), Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell, 1893), Leptococcus capixaba Kondo, 2005, Leptococcus minutus (Hempel, 1932), Maconelicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908), Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell, 1893), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898, Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813), Planococcus minor (Maskell, 1897), Pseudococcus cryptus (Hempel, 1918) and Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti, 1867). There were 628 specimens of parasitoid Hymenoptera distributed in 27 different species. It is recorded here, for the first time, Bothriocraera bicolor Compere & Zinna, 1955, Gyranusoidea deionae Noyes, 2000 and Allotropa merrilli Muesebeck, 1954 for Brazil; and, Anagyrus fusciventris (Girault, 1915), Gyranusoidea pseudococci (Bréthes, 1924), e Tetracnemoidea peregrina (Compere, 1939) for the state of São Paulo; and 26 new associations between mealybugs x parasitoids. The genera that presented the greatest number of species associated to the Pseudococcidae were: Gyranusoidea, Anagyrus e Aprostocetus.
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Natural enemies, biological control, Inimigos naturais, Controle biológico, Encyrtidae