“Tchau, querida”: os enquadramentos do Jornal Nacional no processo de impeachment
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Data
2018-08-17
Autores
Castanheira, Karol Natasha Lourenço
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Ao acionar no imaginário social o impeachment de Dilma Rousseff, os sujeitos sociais se valem de seu repertório de significados previamente construídos. A mídia e o judiciário adquirem papel importante nesse processo, pois detêm a prerrogativa de propriedades estruturantes na sociedade moderna ao produzirem pacotes interpretativos sobre os eventos políticos. Portanto, o discurso jornalístico, nesta tese, será perquirido como um espaço de disputa simbólico, que se apodera das múltiplas estruturas de significado da cultura e a notícia será investigada como um produto cultural baseado na linguagem e produzido a partir de enquadramentos culturais negociados pelo veículo, jornalista, público e as circunstâncias do contexto social. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta tese é discutir como a Rede Globo, por meio do Jornal Nacional, foi construindo e imputando identidades a então presidente Dilma nos anos 2015-2016. Nesse processo, os velhos e novos atores do impeachment destituíram não somente a função de agente político de Dilma, mas também de sujeito social. Durante este episódio, os agentes corresponsáveis pela gestão pública e membros do PT envolvidos na Operação Lava Jato, como o próprio ex-presidente Lula, não produziram uma condição de desconto, mas potencializaram a presunção de culpa de Dilma, na medida em que o discurso jornalístico categorizou de modo genérico os representantes do PT como corruptos e responsáveis pela crise econômica do país. Como metodologia este trabalho recorre à análise de enquadramento a partir dos seguintes itens de observação: a) ideia organizadora; b) atribuição de responsabilidade e o julgamento moral; c) indicação de solução; d) categorização do fato; e) tipificação do sujeito. A contribuição da tese se estabelece no âmbito metodológico pela vinculação entre o operador tipificação do sujeito presente nos estudos de enquadramento com o conceito de identidade.
In order to trigger Dilma Rousseff’s impeachment in the social imaginary, social subjects make use of their previous constructed repertory of meanings. Media and judiciary system assume an important role in this process, since they hold the prerogative of structural proprieties in the modern society as producers of interpretative packages about political events. Therefore, in this dissertation journalism discourse will be inquired as a space of symbolic disputed. It seizes from the multiples structures of cultural meanings. In this case, news will be seen as a cultural product based on language, a result of cultural framings negotiated between the media outlets, the journalists, the public and the circumstances of the social context. In this sense, this dissertation seeks to discuss how Brazilian TV network Rede Globo, through its main broadcast news Jornal Nacional, constructed and imputed identities to the former president Rousseff on 2015-2016 period. In this process, old and new impeachment actors impeached not only the Rousseff function as a political agent, but also as a social subject. During this episode, public agents and members of Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT, the Brazilian Labor Party, left wing) involved on the federal investigation Operação Lava Jato, such as the former president Lula himself, did not produced a mitigating situation. On the contrary, they enhanced Rousseff guilt assumption, car journalist discourse in general categorize PT members as corrupted and responsible to the Brazilian economic crisis. This work draws on framing analysis as methodological path. It applies the following categories: a) organizing ideas; b) responsibility attribution and moral judgement; c) Pointing out a solution; d) Fact categorizing; e) Typifying the subject. This PhD dissertation contributes in the methodological level by associating the framing studies operator typifying the subject to the cultural concept of identity.
In order to trigger Dilma Rousseff’s impeachment in the social imaginary, social subjects make use of their previous constructed repertory of meanings. Media and judiciary system assume an important role in this process, since they hold the prerogative of structural proprieties in the modern society as producers of interpretative packages about political events. Therefore, in this dissertation journalism discourse will be inquired as a space of symbolic disputed. It seizes from the multiples structures of cultural meanings. In this case, news will be seen as a cultural product based on language, a result of cultural framings negotiated between the media outlets, the journalists, the public and the circumstances of the social context. In this sense, this dissertation seeks to discuss how Brazilian TV network Rede Globo, through its main broadcast news Jornal Nacional, constructed and imputed identities to the former president Rousseff on 2015-2016 period. In this process, old and new impeachment actors impeached not only the Rousseff function as a political agent, but also as a social subject. During this episode, public agents and members of Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT, the Brazilian Labor Party, left wing) involved on the federal investigation Operação Lava Jato, such as the former president Lula himself, did not produced a mitigating situation. On the contrary, they enhanced Rousseff guilt assumption, car journalist discourse in general categorize PT members as corrupted and responsible to the Brazilian economic crisis. This work draws on framing analysis as methodological path. It applies the following categories: a) organizing ideas; b) responsibility attribution and moral judgement; c) Pointing out a solution; d) Fact categorizing; e) Typifying the subject. This PhD dissertation contributes in the methodological level by associating the framing studies operator typifying the subject to the cultural concept of identity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Identidade, Impeachment, Enquadramento, Tipificação do sujeito, Identity, Impeachment, Framing, Typifying the subject, Brazilian politic