Produção textual oral e escrita: concepções e práticas pedagógicas no ciclo de alfabetização
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Data
2018-08-31
Autores
Machado, Regina Célia Marino [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O interesse pelo objeto de pesquisa emergiu em reflexões sobre os resultados de avaliações externas realizadas nos últimos anos, nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental das escolas municipais da cidade de Limeira, SP. Os níveis de desempenho dos estudantes em leitura e produção de textos escritos apontam a necessidade de pesquisas acerca das concepções e metodologias de ensino adotadas nas práticas pedagógicas referentes à produção textual escrita uma vez que os desempenhos não são os esperados para o ciclo de alfabetização. Por essa razão, este trabalho teve como objeto de pesquisa a prática de produção de textos escritos no ciclo de alfabetização (1º ao 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental), considerando-se algumas questões decorrentes de nossas reflexões sobre o assunto, objetivando respondê-las e identificar o enfoque dado às práticas de produção de textos orais e escritos, bem como as concepções epistemológicas que embasam o trabalho pedagógico, realizamos pesquisa qualitativa-descritiva, com a participação de 12 professoras que lecionaram de 2014 a 2017 no ciclo de alfabetização em quatro escolas, as quais apresentaram diferentes percentuais na Avaliação Nacional da Alfabetização (ANA). Os dados da pesquisa revelaram que a inserção do trabalho com produções textuais ocorre em sua maioria por meio da exploração do tema/assunto tratado (roda da conversa) e da leitura de textos com a finalidade de repertoriar os alunos quanto ao tema em estudo, às características do gênero ou à ampliação do vocabulário. As práticas de produção de textos ocorreram de diferentes maneiras. Como prática social de comunicação ou escolarizada, realizadas com ou sem plano de trabalho. Evidenciou-se que as produções de textos escolarizados são as mais encontradas, como também, que há ausências de produção textual oral e escrita no ciclo de alfabetização. Disso depreende que o texto não é considerado objeto de ensino por todas as participantes desta pesquisa, pois há concepções de linguagem que subjazem suas práticas. Quatro professoras apresentam a concepção de linguagem enquanto “expressão do pensamento”, seis, a de linguagem como “instrumento de comunicação” e duas, a de linguagem enquanto “processo de interação”.
My interest for the object of this research came from studying results of external evaluations performed within the last year in public grade schools of Limeira, Brazil. Students’ performance levels in Reading & Writing show a need to further research the concepts and methodologies currently practiced in the field of Education. The results are especially alarming in regards to Writing, since they show a lower level than expected in formal education. Therefore, the project’s main goal in research was to study the practice of Writing within the context of formal education (primarily the 1st through 3rd years of grade school), all the while considering questions resulting from analyzing the topic. Additionally, this research aimed to answer questions and identify an approach to oral and written essays as well as epistemological concepts that are the foundation of educational practices. We performed a descriptive and qualitative study with 12 participating educators who taught from 2014 to 2017 in 4 different schools that presented different performance percentages on the National Literacy Assessment (ANA, in Brazil). The research data shows that textual production happens, in its majority, by exploring a theme or subject in discussion groups and reading texts in order to enlighten students of the theme itself, characteristics of a specific genre, or to build vocabulary. Five faculty members from Group A (the school with the best results) explored the practice of proofreading by analyzing texts that students had produced, later showing them what points needed to be revised. By doing this, these educators stimulated the practice of proofreading in their students. Texts were revised in different manners. In the context of social communication or education, proofreading occurred with and without a work plan. This highlighted that more education-based texts exist and there is also a lack of written and oral essays in formal education. We deducted that not all participants consider textual production a learning activity based on their concepts of language. Four educators considered language to be an “expression of thought”; six considered it to be an “instrument of communication”; and two thought of it as “part of an interactive process”.
My interest for the object of this research came from studying results of external evaluations performed within the last year in public grade schools of Limeira, Brazil. Students’ performance levels in Reading & Writing show a need to further research the concepts and methodologies currently practiced in the field of Education. The results are especially alarming in regards to Writing, since they show a lower level than expected in formal education. Therefore, the project’s main goal in research was to study the practice of Writing within the context of formal education (primarily the 1st through 3rd years of grade school), all the while considering questions resulting from analyzing the topic. Additionally, this research aimed to answer questions and identify an approach to oral and written essays as well as epistemological concepts that are the foundation of educational practices. We performed a descriptive and qualitative study with 12 participating educators who taught from 2014 to 2017 in 4 different schools that presented different performance percentages on the National Literacy Assessment (ANA, in Brazil). The research data shows that textual production happens, in its majority, by exploring a theme or subject in discussion groups and reading texts in order to enlighten students of the theme itself, characteristics of a specific genre, or to build vocabulary. Five faculty members from Group A (the school with the best results) explored the practice of proofreading by analyzing texts that students had produced, later showing them what points needed to be revised. By doing this, these educators stimulated the practice of proofreading in their students. Texts were revised in different manners. In the context of social communication or education, proofreading occurred with and without a work plan. This highlighted that more education-based texts exist and there is also a lack of written and oral essays in formal education. We deducted that not all participants consider textual production a learning activity based on their concepts of language. Four educators considered language to be an “expression of thought”; six considered it to be an “instrument of communication”; and two thought of it as “part of an interactive process”.
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Palavras-chave
Produção textual oral e escrita, Ciclo de alfabetização, Concepções e práticas pedagógicas, Oral and written essays, Formal education, Pedagogical concepts and practice