Infância (n)ativa: potencialidades de participação e cidadania às crianças na mídia digital
Data
2018-08-24
Autores
Ferreira, Mayra Fernanda
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Como garantir a expressividade infantil e seu potencial cidadão na mídia digital? Esta é uma das questões norteadoras desta pesquisa que visa investigar a participação das crianças na mídia digital, considerando as mediações e as interações de modo a assegurar seu direito à liberdade de expressão, conforme postula a ONU (1989). A partir das potencialidades interativas e participativas da Internet e dos usos e das apropriações das tecnologias digitais pelo público infantil, discutidos neste estudo, é importante que as crianças assumam seu protagonismo nos espaços digitais de modo que estes atuem para favorecer a livre expressividade, a criatividade, a criticidade e a coautoria infantis. Tendo em vista o conceito de Comunicação Participativa e o método do Cassete Fórum, do pesquisador Mario Kaplún, a proposta desta pesquisa, embasada metodologicamente na pesquisa-ação, destaca as crianças como sujeitos, e não meros consumidores digitais, a fim de que elas apresentem seus interesses e suas utilizações de mídia e ferramentas digitais, construindo, assim, um panorama sociocultural desta geração da infância. Têm-se como sujeitos participantes crianças de nove a 11 anos de escolas públicas municipais da cidade de Bauru, selecionadas por meio de um diagnóstico do perfil on-line, tendo como base o questionário do Comitê Gestor da Internet no Brasil. A partir da adaptação do método cassete-fórum para o meio digital, as crianças em grupos foram convidadas a debater a temática dos direitos da criança na Internet a fim de subsidiar questões sobre riscos, oportunidades, direitos e expressividade on-line à infância conectada. Esta pesquisa mostra que, embora haja interesse em plataformas interativas, não há garantia de efetiva interação, ao passo que é necessária a atuação conjunta de agentes de socialização da infância, tendo como foco as literacias midiáticas, para oportunizar espaços de participação e, consequentemente, de protagonismo cidadãos às crianças. Considerando essa potencialidade, o estudo apresenta diretrizes de modo propositivo às crianças, à família, à escola e à mídia, previamente avaliadas positivamente por sujeitos participantes desta pesquisa, visando à valorização da criança como sujeito comunicativo e cidadão crítico. Desse modo, é possível assegurar a cidadania desde a infância.
How guarantee children's expressivity and their potential as citizens in digital media? This is one of the guiding questions of this research that aims to investigate children's participation in digital media, considering mediations and interactions in order to ensure their right to freedom of expression, as postulated by UN (1989). From Internet interactive and participatory potentialities and the uses and appropriations of digital technologies by children, discussed in this study, it is important that children take their protagonism in digital spaces, so they can function for promoting children’s free expression, creativity, criticism and infancy co-authorship. Considering the concept of Participatory Communication and Cassete Forum method, developed by Mario Kaplún, this research proposal, methodologically based on action-research, is to highlight children as subjects, not as mere digital consumers, with ability to present their own interests and their use of digital media and tools, building a sociocultural panorama of this infant generation. The participants were children with age between nine and eleven years old who studies in city public schools in Bauru, selected through a diagnosis of their online profile, based in Brazilian Comitê Gestor da Internet (Internet Steering Committee) questionnaire. From the adaptation of Cassete Forum method to digital environment, children were divided in groups and invited to discuss themes about children's rights on the Internet to contribute with questions about online risks, opportunities, rights and expressivity to connected children. This research shows that, although there is interest in interactive platforms, there is no guarantee of effective interaction, whereas it is necessary the joint action of childhood socializing agents, focusing on media literacies, to provide opportunities for children participation and, consequently, their protagonism as citizenship. Considering theses potentialities, this study proposes guidelines to children, family, school and media, which was previously evaluated positively by the subjects who participated in this research, that aims to value child as a communicative subject and a critical citizen. In this way, it is possible to ensure citizenship from an early age.
How guarantee children's expressivity and their potential as citizens in digital media? This is one of the guiding questions of this research that aims to investigate children's participation in digital media, considering mediations and interactions in order to ensure their right to freedom of expression, as postulated by UN (1989). From Internet interactive and participatory potentialities and the uses and appropriations of digital technologies by children, discussed in this study, it is important that children take their protagonism in digital spaces, so they can function for promoting children’s free expression, creativity, criticism and infancy co-authorship. Considering the concept of Participatory Communication and Cassete Forum method, developed by Mario Kaplún, this research proposal, methodologically based on action-research, is to highlight children as subjects, not as mere digital consumers, with ability to present their own interests and their use of digital media and tools, building a sociocultural panorama of this infant generation. The participants were children with age between nine and eleven years old who studies in city public schools in Bauru, selected through a diagnosis of their online profile, based in Brazilian Comitê Gestor da Internet (Internet Steering Committee) questionnaire. From the adaptation of Cassete Forum method to digital environment, children were divided in groups and invited to discuss themes about children's rights on the Internet to contribute with questions about online risks, opportunities, rights and expressivity to connected children. This research shows that, although there is interest in interactive platforms, there is no guarantee of effective interaction, whereas it is necessary the joint action of childhood socializing agents, focusing on media literacies, to provide opportunities for children participation and, consequently, their protagonism as citizenship. Considering theses potentialities, this study proposes guidelines to children, family, school and media, which was previously evaluated positively by the subjects who participated in this research, that aims to value child as a communicative subject and a critical citizen. In this way, it is possible to ensure citizenship from an early age.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cidadania, Infância, Participação, Comunicação participativa, Citizenship, Participatory communication, Childhood, Participation, Digital media, Mídia digital