Desgaste das lâminas de corte basal: efeito na colheita e na rebrota do canavial
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Data
2018-08-24
Autores
Bernache, Leonardo
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cana-de-açúcar é uma cultura de grande relevância no cenário agrícola nacional devido à produção de açúcar e etanol. O corte da cultura é realizado por meio do mecanismo de corte basal, composto por múltiplas lâminas. Devido ao seu desgaste, ocorrem danos e abalos às soqueiras, os quais podem vir a prejudicar o desenvolvimento do canavial, assim diminuindo a longevidade dos canaviais. objetivou- se neste trabalho avaliar a qualidade do corte basal de cana-de-açúcar em situações de desgaste intenso das lâminas, utilizando-se os indicadores danos, abalos e altura de corte, correlacionando-os com a rebrota do canavial, seguindo as premissas do Controle Estatístico do Processo. As variáveis relacionadas à colheita (porte e posição, índice de danos e abalos, comprimento de corte) foram coletadas a cada 30 minutos seguindo as premissas do Controle Estatístico do Processos. Para o desgaste das lâminas foram definidos 3 períodos de avaliação (8h, 16h e 24h de trabalho). Após a colheita foram realizadas avaliações em laboratório e em campo, sendo que em laboratório avaliou-se a energia gasta no corte basal com lâminas de períodos diferentes de trabalho (0, 8, 16 e 24 horas), já em campo foram realizadas avaliações de rebrota (78 DAC), avaliando-se o número de perfilhos, falhas, diâmetro e altura da soqueira. Para as variáveis índice de danos, índice de abalos, altura e diâmetro de planta nota-se que o 2º período de trabalho apresentou maior qualidade. O processo foi considerado fora de controle para as variáveis: altura de corte, número de perfilhos, altura e diâmetro de plantas; e sob controle para as variáveis: índice de danos, índice de abalos, porte e sentido, e energia no corte. O 1º período apresentou danos periféricos ou sem danos e índices de abalos fracos e médios, enquanto que para o 2º e 3º períodos predominaram de danos extremos e abalos médios e fortes.
Sugarcane is a crop of great importance for the production of sugar and ethanol. the crop harvest is performed by the basal cutting mechanism, composed of multiple blades. Due to its wear, damage occurs and shakes to the ratoons, which can harm the development of the cane field, thereby decreasing the longevity of sugarcane fields. The objective was to evaluate the quality of the basal cut of sugarcane in situations of intense wear of the blades, using the indicators damages, quakes and cutting height, correlating them with the regrowth of the cane field, following the assumptions of the Statistical Process Control. The varieties related to the harvest (size and position, damage index and quakes, cut length) were collected every 30 minutes following the premises of the Statistical Process Control. Three evaluation periods (8h, 16h and 24h of work) were defined for the wear of the blades. After the harvest, laboratory and field evaluations were performed. In the laboratory, the spent energy in the basal section was evaluated with the blades of different work periods (0, 8, 16 and 24 hours), in the field, sprout evaluations were carried out 78 days after harvest, evaluating the number of tillers, growth failures, diameter and height of the ratoon. For the variables index of damages, index of shakes, height and diameter of plant, it is noticed that the second period of work presented higher quality. The process was considered out of control for the variables: cutting height, number of tillers, height and diameter of plants; and on control for the variables: index of damages, index of shakes, size and direction, and energy in the cut. The first period presented peripheral or no-harm damages and low and moderate damage rates, while for the second and third periods, there was a predominance of extreme damage and medium and strong shakes.
Sugarcane is a crop of great importance for the production of sugar and ethanol. the crop harvest is performed by the basal cutting mechanism, composed of multiple blades. Due to its wear, damage occurs and shakes to the ratoons, which can harm the development of the cane field, thereby decreasing the longevity of sugarcane fields. The objective was to evaluate the quality of the basal cut of sugarcane in situations of intense wear of the blades, using the indicators damages, quakes and cutting height, correlating them with the regrowth of the cane field, following the assumptions of the Statistical Process Control. The varieties related to the harvest (size and position, damage index and quakes, cut length) were collected every 30 minutes following the premises of the Statistical Process Control. Three evaluation periods (8h, 16h and 24h of work) were defined for the wear of the blades. After the harvest, laboratory and field evaluations were performed. In the laboratory, the spent energy in the basal section was evaluated with the blades of different work periods (0, 8, 16 and 24 hours), in the field, sprout evaluations were carried out 78 days after harvest, evaluating the number of tillers, growth failures, diameter and height of the ratoon. For the variables index of damages, index of shakes, height and diameter of plant, it is noticed that the second period of work presented higher quality. The process was considered out of control for the variables: cutting height, number of tillers, height and diameter of plants; and on control for the variables: index of damages, index of shakes, size and direction, and energy in the cut. The first period presented peripheral or no-harm damages and low and moderate damage rates, while for the second and third periods, there was a predominance of extreme damage and medium and strong shakes.
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Palavras-chave
Colheita mecanizada, Colhedora, Cana de açúcar, Controle estatístico de processos