Avaliação do potencial de produção de sedimento na sub bacia hidrográfica do rio Pirajibu-Mirim
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Data
2018-08-31
Autores
Bochichi, Diego da Cruz
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A perda de solos em bacias hidrográficas pode causar prejuízos ambientais e comprometer os usos múltiplos potenciais desta bacia. Ações como desmatamento, atividades agrícolas, entre outras, expõem o solo aos agentes naturais (precipitação, vento) e estes desprendem e carreiam o solo para as porções mais baixas na bacia, promovendo o assoreamento dos corpos d’água. Estudos sobre o tema são importantes para auxiliar na gestão, manejo e entendimento destes ambientes e mitigação do fenômeno. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo estimar a perda de solo na sub-bacia do Pirajibu-Mirim. Para isto, foram utilizadas ferramentas de análise de imagens e de dados da bacia para calcular a Equação Universal da Perda de Solos (EUPS) definida por Wischmeier & Smith (1978). A sub-bacia está inserida no município de Sorocaba-SP e tem uma área de aproximadamente 54 km². Para compor a equação, todas as variáveis foram levantadas separadamente para então calcular a EUPS em ambiente SIG para os anos de 2000 a 2016. Os resultados indicaram que os anos de 2003 e 2012 apresentaram os maiores valores de perdas de solo acima de 200 ton/ha.ano e em 2013 os menores valores de perdas de solo acima de 200 ton/ha.ano. Outra informação importante foi que no período estudado, aproximadamente 50% da área tem perdas de solo abaixo de 15 ton/ha.ano, indicando boa preservação do solo.
The loss of soil in watershed can cause environmental damage and compromise the multiple potential uses of this watershed. Action as deforestation, agricultural activities, among others, expose the soil to natural agents (precipitation, wind) that causes the release of these soils to lower portion of watershed, promoting silting of the water bodies. Studies about the theme are important to improve the management and understanding of these environments and phenomenon mitigation of silting. Therefore, this work had as aim the estimation of soil loss in sub basin Pirajibu-Mirim. For this, tools of image and data analysis were used to estimate the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) defined by Wischmeier & Smith (1978). The sub basin is inserted in Sorocaba city, São Paulo state and has an area 54km². To compose the equation, the variables were obtained separately and then the USLE was calculated from 2000 to 2016. The results indicated that the years 2003 and 2012 demonstrated the highest values of soil loss above 200 ton/ha.a and 2013 the lowest value of soil loss above 200 ton/ha.a. Other important information is that in studied period, almost 50% of the area had soil lower than 15 ton/ha.a, indicating satisfactory soil preservation.
The loss of soil in watershed can cause environmental damage and compromise the multiple potential uses of this watershed. Action as deforestation, agricultural activities, among others, expose the soil to natural agents (precipitation, wind) that causes the release of these soils to lower portion of watershed, promoting silting of the water bodies. Studies about the theme are important to improve the management and understanding of these environments and phenomenon mitigation of silting. Therefore, this work had as aim the estimation of soil loss in sub basin Pirajibu-Mirim. For this, tools of image and data analysis were used to estimate the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) defined by Wischmeier & Smith (1978). The sub basin is inserted in Sorocaba city, São Paulo state and has an area 54km². To compose the equation, the variables were obtained separately and then the USLE was calculated from 2000 to 2016. The results indicated that the years 2003 and 2012 demonstrated the highest values of soil loss above 200 ton/ha.a and 2013 the lowest value of soil loss above 200 ton/ha.a. Other important information is that in studied period, almost 50% of the area had soil lower than 15 ton/ha.a, indicating satisfactory soil preservation.
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Palavras-chave
EUPS, Perda de solos, Pirajibu-Mirim, USLE, Loss of soil