Alterações morfofuncionais no intestino de Sphoeroides testudineus decorrentes de diferentes níveis de contaminação em três estuários do litoral do estado de São Paulo
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Data
2018-09-28
Autores
Marinsek, Gabriela Pustiglione
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As zonas costeiras são ambientes altamente sensíveis aos impactos causados pelas atividades antropogênicas, e o uso desenfreado destas áreas vem gerando grande preocupação, uma vez que tais impactos estão reduzindo drasticamente a biodiversidade destes ecossistemas. O monitoramento destas áreas é de grande valia para detectar os principais impactos e, assim, criar medidas de prevenção e mitigação, sendo realizado através da utilização de biomarcadores, uma vez que estas ferramentas proporcionam a análise das respostas biológicas dos organismos a exposição a contaminação ambiental. Desta forma, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade ambiental de dois estuários da costa do estado de São Paulo que diferem quanto a densidade demográfica e políticas de preservação ambiental. Para tanto, exemplares de Sphoeroides testudineus foram coletados em três regiões, sendo estas: AR – Estuário do Rio Una (Área Referência - Mosaico Juréia Itatins), A1 – Estuário de Cananéia (Complexo Estuarino Lagunar de Cananéia Iguape) e A2 – Estuário de Santos (Complexo Estuarino de Santos – São Vicente). Os animais foram analisados quanto a biomarcadores de diferentes órgãos (fígado, brânquias, sangue, musculo e intestino) e níveis de organização biológica a fim de proporcionar uma resposta integrada quanto a saúde do organismo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade ambiental dos estuários através da utilização de biomarcadores amplamente utilizados em estudos ecotoxicológicos (fígado, brânquias, músculo e sangue), bem como, avaliar a resposta do intestino e dos neurônios mioentéricos neste cenário. Em A1, as principais alterações nos biomarcadores ocorreram principalmente no fígado (alterações bioquímicas e histopatológicas); em A2, as alterações foram mais expressivas nas brânquias, intestino, músculo e sangue, indicando alterações sistêmicas nos organismos coletados nesta região. Conclui-se, portanto, que a reduzida qualidade ambiental de A2 tem acarretado em alterações severas principalmente nas brânquias e intestino dos animais coletados.
Coastal zones are highly sensitive to the impacts caused by anthropogenic activities, and the unrestrained use of these areas is of great concern since such impacts are drastically reducing the biodiversity of such ecosystems. The monitoring of these areas is of great value to detect the main impacts and, thus, to create prevention and mitigation measures. The use of biomarkers is widely used in studies that evaluate environmental quality since this tool provides the analysis of organisms' biological responses to exposure to environmental contamination. In this way, this work aimed to evaluate the environmental quality of two estuaries located at the coast of the state of São Paulo that differ in terms of population density and environmental preservation policies. In order to do so, specimens of Sphoeroides testudineus were collected in three regions: AR- Rio Una Estuary (Reference Area - Juréia Itatins Mosaic), A1 - Cananéia Estuary (Lagunar Estuary Complex of Cananéia Iguape) and A2 - Santos Estuary (Estuarine Complex of Santos - São Vicente). The animals were analyzed for biomarkers of different organs (liver, gills, blood, muscle, and intestine) and levels of biological organization in order to provide an integrated response to the health of the organism. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental quality of the estuaries using biomarkers widely used in ecotoxicological studies (liver, gills, muscle, and blood), as well as to evaluate the response of intestine and myenteric neurons in this scenario. In A1, the main changes in biomarkers occurred mainly in the liver (biochemical and histopathological changes); in A2, the alterations were more expressive in the gills, intestine, muscle, and blood, indicating systemic alterations in the organisms collected in this region. It is concluded, therefore, that the worse environmental quality of A2 has caused severe alterations mainly in the gills and intestine of the animals collected.
Coastal zones are highly sensitive to the impacts caused by anthropogenic activities, and the unrestrained use of these areas is of great concern since such impacts are drastically reducing the biodiversity of such ecosystems. The monitoring of these areas is of great value to detect the main impacts and, thus, to create prevention and mitigation measures. The use of biomarkers is widely used in studies that evaluate environmental quality since this tool provides the analysis of organisms' biological responses to exposure to environmental contamination. In this way, this work aimed to evaluate the environmental quality of two estuaries located at the coast of the state of São Paulo that differ in terms of population density and environmental preservation policies. In order to do so, specimens of Sphoeroides testudineus were collected in three regions: AR- Rio Una Estuary (Reference Area - Juréia Itatins Mosaic), A1 - Cananéia Estuary (Lagunar Estuary Complex of Cananéia Iguape) and A2 - Santos Estuary (Estuarine Complex of Santos - São Vicente). The animals were analyzed for biomarkers of different organs (liver, gills, blood, muscle, and intestine) and levels of biological organization in order to provide an integrated response to the health of the organism. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental quality of the estuaries using biomarkers widely used in ecotoxicological studies (liver, gills, muscle, and blood), as well as to evaluate the response of intestine and myenteric neurons in this scenario. In A1, the main changes in biomarkers occurred mainly in the liver (biochemical and histopathological changes); in A2, the alterations were more expressive in the gills, intestine, muscle, and blood, indicating systemic alterations in the organisms collected in this region. It is concluded, therefore, that the worse environmental quality of A2 has caused severe alterations mainly in the gills and intestine of the animals collected.
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Palavras-chave
contaminação, estuário, baiacú, biomarcadores, contamination, estuary, puffer fish, biomarkers