As políticas públicas da China recente: uma busca pelo crescimento sustentado
Data
2018-08-31
Autores
Carvalho, Lucas Siqueira de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Desde a década de 80 a China apresenta um crescimento econômico acima da média mundial, conseguindo feitos importantes como retirar milhões de pessoas da pobreza. Para realizar isso o governo chinês utilizou de diversas políticas e mantendo seu orçamento em constante déficit, porém a sua dívida pública como proporção do PIB atual (42,9% em 2015) não é maior que a dos países da União Europeia (83,5% em 2015). Diante de tal cenário surge a questão de como se dá a construção de políticas fiscais ativas e anticíclicas sem que haja grandes pressões sobre a dívida pública, para que esse tipo de atuação possa se manter no longo prazo. Em 2008, a economia mundial iniciou a maior crise desde 1929, a reação dos governos perante tal abalo foi diversa. A economia chinesa, apesar de inicialmente sofrer uma redução de suas taxas de crescimento, tomou medidas como pacotes de investimentos na economia e busca por novos acordos comerciais, com isto o país continuou em ritmo de crescimento bem acima da média mundial. Com o objetivo de analisar as políticas fiscais tomadas em períodos relativamente extensos e em momentos de crise, em um país em desenvolvimento, este trabalho pretende aprofundar o entendimento de como a China usou de políticas e reformas para chegar a um cenário de forte crescimento sustentado, como esta enfrentou as crises que apareceram após essa guinada rumo ao desenvolvimento e como esta pretende perpetuar seu avanço econômico frente a novos desafios.
Since the 80’s China has presented a growth above average, accomplishing some great doings like get millions of people out of misery. For this, the Chinese government has utilized diverse politics and kept the budged in a deficit, however its public debt as a percentage of the actual GDP (42,9% in 2015) its not bigger than the countries in the European Union (83,5% in 2015). Facing this scenario the question of how to keeping active and anticyclic fiscal policies without making huge pressures on the public debt, so this actions can sustain itself for the long run. In 2008, the world economy started the worst crises since 1929. The reaction of the governments facing this shake was diverse. The Chinese economy, despite the initial impact in his growth index, the high growth index was maintained and the growth was above global average. Even after the initial impact the Chinese government was still solvent – after all, it was the indebted in its on currency (LOMMEN; WRAY, 2013)- and with the economy in a stable way. With the objective of analyzing the fiscal policies taken in the relative extensive period and in moments of crises, in a development country, this work intend to learn how to face a crises and perpetuate the economic growth, in a country.
Since the 80’s China has presented a growth above average, accomplishing some great doings like get millions of people out of misery. For this, the Chinese government has utilized diverse politics and kept the budged in a deficit, however its public debt as a percentage of the actual GDP (42,9% in 2015) its not bigger than the countries in the European Union (83,5% in 2015). Facing this scenario the question of how to keeping active and anticyclic fiscal policies without making huge pressures on the public debt, so this actions can sustain itself for the long run. In 2008, the world economy started the worst crises since 1929. The reaction of the governments facing this shake was diverse. The Chinese economy, despite the initial impact in his growth index, the high growth index was maintained and the growth was above global average. Even after the initial impact the Chinese government was still solvent – after all, it was the indebted in its on currency (LOMMEN; WRAY, 2013)- and with the economy in a stable way. With the objective of analyzing the fiscal policies taken in the relative extensive period and in moments of crises, in a development country, this work intend to learn how to face a crises and perpetuate the economic growth, in a country.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
China, Macroeconomia, Desenvolvimento, Política Fiscal, Políticas públicas, Fiscal policy, Public indebtedness, Macroeconomic, Development