Implantes de titânio com superfície tratada a base de β-tricálcio fosfato em levantamento da membrana sinusal. Estudo experimental de superfície, análise biomecânica, histométrica e imunoistoquímica em coelhos
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Data
2018-11-05
Autores
Corrêa, Ana Paula Simões [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Modificações físicas e/ou químicas das superfícies dos implantes de titânio podem ser realizadas com intuito de facilitar e estimular o processo de osseointegração, consequentemente favorecendo um tempo de reparo mais curto. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as superfícies de implantes de titânio, modificadas com deposição de β-tricálcio fosfato pelo método biomimético, inseridos na maxila após levantamento de seio maxilar de coelhos, por meio da análise topográfica, biomecânica, microtomográfica, histológica e imunoistoquímica. Dezoitos (18) coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia (Albinus) receberam trinta e seis (36) implantes após elevação da membrana do seio maxilar bilateral. Foram divididos em dois grupos: No Grupo SBF - Implantes com superfícies modificadas pelo tratamento biomimético e preenchimento do seio maxilar esquerdo com coágulo; Grupo TCP - Implantes com superfícies modificadas com deposição de β-tricálcio fosfato pelo método biomimético e preenchimento do seio maxilar direito com coágulo. Os períodos de estudos foram de 7, 15 e 40 dias, onde foram realizadas as avaliações biomecânica, microtomográfica, histométrica e imunoistoquímica. Nas análises físico-químicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura- MEV, espectroscopia de energia dispersiva- EDS e mapeamento da mineralização observou-se a formação de uma camada de apatita com maiores quantidades de Ca e P nos implantes com deposição biomimética com β-tricálcio fosfato. O teste de molhabilidade monstrou superfícies de alta hidrofilidade neste grupo de implantes. Na interação entre as superfícies dos implantes de Ticp e seu ambiente biológico, a análise biomecânica demonstrou aumentro da estabilidade dos implantes a partir da 2 semana. Foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante na estabilidade (ISQ) no grupo TCP período de 15 e 40 dias (p= 0,08). A análise microtomográfica demonstrou que no período de 15 dias, o grupo TCP apresentou maior volume ósseo – BV (0,16 mm3), fração do volume ósseo em porcentagem - BV/TV (24,70 mm3), número - Tb.n (2,98 mm3) e espessura do trabeculado ósseo - Tb.th (0,082 mm3), quando comparado com o grupo SBF. Foi visualizado na análise histológica a formação de tecido ósseo em ambos os grupos no período de 15 e 40 dias, maior neoformação óssea foi observada no grupo com a superfície dos implantes modificada com β-tricálcio fosfato, embora a análise histométrica da ELCOI e AON não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas (p<0,05). A imunoistoquímica aos 40 dias apresentou marcação moderada no grupo TCP (50%) e leve (25%) no grupo SBF, para a osteocalcina. A incorporação do β-tricálcio fosfato na superfície dos implantes de Ticp, através da modificação do método biomimético, mostrou-se eficiente diante dos testes de avaliação da topografia dos implantes. Observou-se a influência desse tipo de superfície bioativa ao estimular a osseointegração. Sendo assim, uma opção ao tratamento das superfícies dos implantes.
Physical and/or chemical modifications of the surfaces of the titanium implants can be performed in order to facilitate and stimulate the osseointegration process, consequently favouring a shorter repair time. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the surfaces of titanium implants, modified with deposition of β-tricalcium phosphate by the biomimetic method, inserted in the maxilla after lifting the maxillary sinus of rabbits, employing topographic, biomechanical, histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Eighteen (18) New Zealand rabbits (Albinus) received thirty-six (36) implants after bilateral maxillary sinus membrane elevation. They were divided into two groups: In the SBF Group - Implants with surfaces modified by the biomimetic treatment and filling of the left maxillary sinus with clot; Group TCP - Implants with modified surfaces with deposition of β-tricalcium phosphate by the biomimetic method and filling of the right maxillary sinus with clot. The study periods were 7, 15 and 40 days, where the biomechanical, microtomographic, histometric and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed. In the physico-chemical analyzes of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS) and mapping of mineralization, the formation of an apatite layer with higher amounts of Ca and P was observed in implants with biomimetic deposition with β-tricalcium phosphate. The wettability test showed high hydrophilicity surfaces in this group of implants. In the interaction between the surfaces of the Ticp implants and their biological environment, the biomechanical analysis showed an increase of the stability of the implants from 2 weeks. Statistically significant difference in stability (ISQ) was observed in the TCP group at 15 and 40 days (p = 0.08). The microtomographic analysis showed that in the period of 15 days, the TCP group presented higher bone volume - BV (0.16 mm3), fraction of the bone volume in percentage - BV / TV (24.70 mm3), number - Tb.n ( 2.98 mm3) and bone trabecular thickness - Tb.th (0.082 mm3) when compared to the SBF group. Bone tissue formation in both groups was visualized in histological analysis in the 15- and 40-day periods, with a greater tendency for bone neoformation to be observed in the group with implants surface modified with β-tricalcium phosphate, although histological analysis of ELCOI and AON did not present statistical differences (p <0.05). The incorporation of β-tricalcium phosphate on the surface of the Ticp implants, through the modification of the biomimetic method, proved to be efficient in the evaluation of the topography of the implants. The influence of this type of bioactive surface on osseointegration was observed. Thus, an option to the treatment of implant surfaces.
Physical and/or chemical modifications of the surfaces of the titanium implants can be performed in order to facilitate and stimulate the osseointegration process, consequently favouring a shorter repair time. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the surfaces of titanium implants, modified with deposition of β-tricalcium phosphate by the biomimetic method, inserted in the maxilla after lifting the maxillary sinus of rabbits, employing topographic, biomechanical, histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Eighteen (18) New Zealand rabbits (Albinus) received thirty-six (36) implants after bilateral maxillary sinus membrane elevation. They were divided into two groups: In the SBF Group - Implants with surfaces modified by the biomimetic treatment and filling of the left maxillary sinus with clot; Group TCP - Implants with modified surfaces with deposition of β-tricalcium phosphate by the biomimetic method and filling of the right maxillary sinus with clot. The study periods were 7, 15 and 40 days, where the biomechanical, microtomographic, histometric and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed. In the physico-chemical analyzes of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS) and mapping of mineralization, the formation of an apatite layer with higher amounts of Ca and P was observed in implants with biomimetic deposition with β-tricalcium phosphate. The wettability test showed high hydrophilicity surfaces in this group of implants. In the interaction between the surfaces of the Ticp implants and their biological environment, the biomechanical analysis showed an increase of the stability of the implants from 2 weeks. Statistically significant difference in stability (ISQ) was observed in the TCP group at 15 and 40 days (p = 0.08). The microtomographic analysis showed that in the period of 15 days, the TCP group presented higher bone volume - BV (0.16 mm3), fraction of the bone volume in percentage - BV / TV (24.70 mm3), number - Tb.n ( 2.98 mm3) and bone trabecular thickness - Tb.th (0.082 mm3) when compared to the SBF group. Bone tissue formation in both groups was visualized in histological analysis in the 15- and 40-day periods, with a greater tendency for bone neoformation to be observed in the group with implants surface modified with β-tricalcium phosphate, although histological analysis of ELCOI and AON did not present statistical differences (p <0.05). The incorporation of β-tricalcium phosphate on the surface of the Ticp implants, through the modification of the biomimetic method, proved to be efficient in the evaluation of the topography of the implants. The influence of this type of bioactive surface on osseointegration was observed. Thus, an option to the treatment of implant surfaces.
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Palavras-chave
Implantes dentários, Fosfatos, Seio maxilar, Dental implants