Limitação física em área rural degradada: busca metodológica para definir o uso adquado das terra
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Data
2018-11-05
Autores
Zanatta, Felipe Augusto Scudeller [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi a elaboração de uma proposta metodológica para definir o uso adequado das terras em ambientes rurais degradados, definindo-se como objeto de estudo sub-bacias do ribeirão Areia Dourada, localizadas em Marabá Paulista (SP), onde são encontradas centenas de formas erosivas em sulcos, ravinas e voçorocas. Para atingir o objetivo, aplicaram-se três distintas metodologias: cartografia geomorfológica retrospectiva; alguns princípios da geoecologia da paisagem e do sistema de capacidade de uso. Entende-se que essas metodologias apresentam aspectos complementares que auxiliam na avaliação de cenários rurais e degradados, no entendimento da dinâmica erosiva sob interferência antrópica, bem como nas possibilidades de uso desses ambientes. A partir da aplicação e análise das três metodologias, estruturaram-se duas propostas metodológicas: ideal e viável. Na primeira, trabalhosa e especializada, foram agrupados os elementos mais representativos: os compartimentos de relevo; a energia do relevo; a textura, permeabilidade e profundidade dos solos; o substrato rochoso; as Áreas de Preservação Permanente; as áreas de terraço e planície fluvial; as formas erosivas em ravina e voçoroca; e a bacia de captação direcionada à voçoroca. Para simplificar os procedimentos e elaborar uma proposta mais acessível na aplicação em outras áreas, estruturou-se a metodologia viável, tendo como base o levantamento realizado na proposta ideal, no entanto reduzindo o universo de variáveis, considerando-se: declividade; textura e profundidade dos solos; Áreas de Preservação Permanente; formas erosivas em ravinas e voçorocas; e bacia de captação direcionada à voçoroca. Esse menor número de variáveis proporcionou uma distribuição espacial das classes de uso adequado da terra com maior continuidade espacial nos usos sugeridos, demonstrando-se mais significativo para o uso prático, considerando-se o universo estudado e as práticas agrícolas estabelecidas; diferentemente da proposta ideal, em que se fragmentou em demasia a área estudada entre as classes de uso adequado. Destaca-se ainda, que a presente pesquisa preenche uma lacuna nos estudos que visam levantamento do uso adequado das terras, ao partir da problemática erosiva, permitindo-se identificar diversos aspectos, como o efeito de borda em áreas de voçorocamento, as variáveis do meio físico de maior predisposição à formação e desenvolvimento de processos erosivos lineares e as possibilidades de uso de cenários rurais e degradados.
The objective of this research was the elaboration of a methodological proposal to define the appropriate use of land in rural environments degraded by erosive processes. When considering the problem, an area representative of rural and degraded scenarios were searched for, in order to define as object of study the sub-basins of the Areia Dourada stream, located in Marabá Paulista (SP), where hundreds of erosive forms in furrow, ravines and gullies. To reach the goal outlined, three different methodologies were applied to the selected area: retrospective geomorphological cartography; geoecology of the landscape and the system of use capacity. It is understood that these methodologies presented complementary aspects that help in the evaluation of rural and degraded scenarios, in the understanding of the erosive dynamics under anthropic interference, as well as in the possibilities of using these environments. From the application and analysis of the three mentioned methodologies, two methodological proposals were structured: ideal and simplified. In the first, laborious and specialized, the most representative elements were grouped: relief forms; the relief energy; the texture, permeability and depth of soils; the rocky substrate; the Permanent Preservation Areas; the terrace and fluvial plain areas; erosive forms; and the catchment basin directed to the gully. In order to elaborate a proposal of easier application in other areas, the simplified methodology was structured, based on the survey carried out in the ideal proposal, however reducing the universe of variables to declivity, texture and depth of soils, Permanent Preservation Areas, erosive forms and catchment basin directed to the gully. The lower number of variables in the simplified proposal provided a spatial distribution of the classes of land use with greater spatial continuity in the suggested uses, which was shown to be more significant for practical use, considering the studied universe and established agricultural practices, unlike an ideal proposal, in which the studied area between the classes of adequate use. It should be noted that the present study fills a gap in the studies that aim to survey the proper use of land, starting from the erosive problem, and identifies several aspects that should be considered for this, such as the edge effect in areas of gullies, the variables of the physical environment with greater predisposition to the formation and development of linear erosive processes and the possibilities of using rural and degraded scenarios.
The objective of this research was the elaboration of a methodological proposal to define the appropriate use of land in rural environments degraded by erosive processes. When considering the problem, an area representative of rural and degraded scenarios were searched for, in order to define as object of study the sub-basins of the Areia Dourada stream, located in Marabá Paulista (SP), where hundreds of erosive forms in furrow, ravines and gullies. To reach the goal outlined, three different methodologies were applied to the selected area: retrospective geomorphological cartography; geoecology of the landscape and the system of use capacity. It is understood that these methodologies presented complementary aspects that help in the evaluation of rural and degraded scenarios, in the understanding of the erosive dynamics under anthropic interference, as well as in the possibilities of using these environments. From the application and analysis of the three mentioned methodologies, two methodological proposals were structured: ideal and simplified. In the first, laborious and specialized, the most representative elements were grouped: relief forms; the relief energy; the texture, permeability and depth of soils; the rocky substrate; the Permanent Preservation Areas; the terrace and fluvial plain areas; erosive forms; and the catchment basin directed to the gully. In order to elaborate a proposal of easier application in other areas, the simplified methodology was structured, based on the survey carried out in the ideal proposal, however reducing the universe of variables to declivity, texture and depth of soils, Permanent Preservation Areas, erosive forms and catchment basin directed to the gully. The lower number of variables in the simplified proposal provided a spatial distribution of the classes of land use with greater spatial continuity in the suggested uses, which was shown to be more significant for practical use, considering the studied universe and established agricultural practices, unlike an ideal proposal, in which the studied area between the classes of adequate use. It should be noted that the present study fills a gap in the studies that aim to survey the proper use of land, starting from the erosive problem, and identifies several aspects that should be considered for this, such as the edge effect in areas of gullies, the variables of the physical environment with greater predisposition to the formation and development of linear erosive processes and the possibilities of using rural and degraded scenarios.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Dinâmica erosiva, Processos erosivos lineares, Uso adequado das terras, Erosive dynamics, Linear erosive processes, Adequate use of land