Ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) em dietas para porcas em gestação e lactação
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2018-10-05
Autores
Castro, Fabricio Faleiros de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA), utilizando como fonte a farinha de alga Schizochytrium sp., nas dietas de porcas gestantes, nos terços inicial e final, e na lactação, sobre escore corporal das porcas, número de leitões nascidos vivos e totais, natimortos, peso médio (PM), ganho de peso diário (GPD), mortalidade, coeficiente de variação dos pesos (CVP), conversão alimentar (CA), composição bromatológica do colostro e do leite, proteínas do colostro e do sangue das porcas, consumo de ração, intervalo desmame-cio (IDC) e viabilidade econômica. Foram utilizadas 51 porcas para o experimento I (0 a 38 dias de gestação), 45 para o experimento II (85 a 114 dias de gestação), e 45 porcas para o experimento III (22 dias de lactação). Em todos, os animais receberam as seguintes dietas experimentais: Controle: ração controle (sem aditivo); 2000: ração controle com adição de 15 g de farinha de algas Schizochytrium sp. (2333 mg de DHA por dia por porca); 4000: ração controle com adição de 30 g de algas Schizochytrium sp. (4666 mg de DHA por dia por porca). Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com 3 tratamentos. Conforme os níveis crescentes de inclusão de DHA nas dietas das porcas, houve efeito linear (P<0,05) para as seguintes variáveis: Experimento I - aumentaram o GPD dos leitões, melhorou a CA e reduziu a mortalidade dos leitões; no Experimento II - aumentou o DHA no colostro, e melhora o escore corporal das porcas ao desmame em relação as porcas com 85 dias de gestação; e no Experimento III - aumentaram o PM ao desmame, o GPD dos leitões e o DHA no leite, e diminuiu o CVP da leitegada. Em todos os experimentos o tratamento 4000 apresentou os maiores custos com alimentação por matriz e do kg de ganho de peso dos leitões, receitas bruta e líquida. Conclui-se que, em função dos resultados de desempenho obtidos, do valor pago por kg do leitão desmamado e do preço da farinha de algas Schizochytrium sp. (fonte de DHA), justifica-se a utilização do produto nas dietas de porcas em gestação e lactação.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), using as source the Schizochytrium sp. algae meal, rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in diets of sows over the initial and final thirds of gestation, and lactation on body condition score, number of piglets born alive, stillborn, and total, average body weight (BW), daily weight gain (DWG), mortality, body weight coefficient of variation (BWCV), feed conversion (FC), chemical composition of colostrum and milk, proteins of colostrum and blood of sows, feed consumption, weaning-to-heat interval (WHI), and economical analysis. Fifty-one sows were assignet to experiment I (0 to 38 days of gestation), 45 sows were assigned to experiment II (85 to 114 days of gestation), and 45 sows were allocated to experiment III (22 d in lactation). In all experiments, animals received the following experimental diets: Control, control diet (with no algae meal); 2000, control diet supplemented with 15 g of Schizochytrium sp. algae meal (2333 mg DHA/d per sow); and 4000, control diet supplemented with 30 g of algae meal (4666 mg DHA/d per sow). Animals were sorted to the three treatments in a complete randomized block design. As the level of DHA in diets of sows increased, it was observed a linear effect (P < 0.05) for the following parameters: Experiment I – algae meal increased the ADG of piglets, and reduced the FC and mortality of piglets; in Experiment II – algae meal increased colostrum DHA concentration, and improved body condition of sows at weaning in relation to sows with 85 days of gestation; and in Experiment III – algae meal increased BW at weaning, ADG of piglets and milk DHA concentration, and decreased the litter BWCV. In all experiments, 4000 diet increased the feed costs per sow and kg of weight gain of piglets and revenues. Based on performance results, the price paid per kg of weaned piglet, and the cost of Schizochytrium sp. algae meal (source of DHA) from these experiment, there is justification for the use of the studied product in diets of pregnant and lactating sows.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), using as source the Schizochytrium sp. algae meal, rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in diets of sows over the initial and final thirds of gestation, and lactation on body condition score, number of piglets born alive, stillborn, and total, average body weight (BW), daily weight gain (DWG), mortality, body weight coefficient of variation (BWCV), feed conversion (FC), chemical composition of colostrum and milk, proteins of colostrum and blood of sows, feed consumption, weaning-to-heat interval (WHI), and economical analysis. Fifty-one sows were assignet to experiment I (0 to 38 days of gestation), 45 sows were assigned to experiment II (85 to 114 days of gestation), and 45 sows were allocated to experiment III (22 d in lactation). In all experiments, animals received the following experimental diets: Control, control diet (with no algae meal); 2000, control diet supplemented with 15 g of Schizochytrium sp. algae meal (2333 mg DHA/d per sow); and 4000, control diet supplemented with 30 g of algae meal (4666 mg DHA/d per sow). Animals were sorted to the three treatments in a complete randomized block design. As the level of DHA in diets of sows increased, it was observed a linear effect (P < 0.05) for the following parameters: Experiment I – algae meal increased the ADG of piglets, and reduced the FC and mortality of piglets; in Experiment II – algae meal increased colostrum DHA concentration, and improved body condition of sows at weaning in relation to sows with 85 days of gestation; and in Experiment III – algae meal increased BW at weaning, ADG of piglets and milk DHA concentration, and decreased the litter BWCV. In all experiments, 4000 diet increased the feed costs per sow and kg of weight gain of piglets and revenues. Based on performance results, the price paid per kg of weaned piglet, and the cost of Schizochytrium sp. algae meal (source of DHA) from these experiment, there is justification for the use of the studied product in diets of pregnant and lactating sows.
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Palavras-chave
Imunidade, Nutrição animal, Ômega-3, Schizochytrium sp., Suínos, Animal nutrition, Immunity, Omega-3, Schizochytrium sp, Swine