Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rocuronium in young adult and elderly patients undergoing elective surgery
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Data
2016-11-01
Autores
Varrique, Renan M.
Lauretti, Gabriela R.
Matsumoto, Julia A. [UNESP]
Lanchote, Vera L.
de Moraes, Natalia V. [UNESP]
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Resumo
Objective: To evaluate the impact of advanced age on rocuronium kinetic disposition in ASA I–III patients undergoing elective surgeries. Methods: Young adult (20–50 years, n = 15) and elderly patients (65–85 years, n = 14) submitted to surgery under general anaesthesia were investigated. All patients were induced with individual intravenous doses of midazolam, rocuronium, fentanyl and propofol. Rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block was monitored by train of four stimulations of the adductor muscle of the thumb on the ulnar nerve. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis. The relationship between rocuronium plasma concentration and the neuromuscular blockade was described by a sigmoidal Emax model. Key-findings: Elderly patients presented decreased Cl (2.1 ml/kg per min vs 2.8 ml/kg per min; P = 0.0123); increased AUC/dose (507.8 μg min/ml (mg/kg) vs 392.2 μg min/ml/(mg/kg); P = 0.0168) and reduced volume of distribution (285.4 ml/kg vs 435.6 ml/kg, P = 0.0434) compared to young adults. The concentrations required to achieve 50% of maximum neuromuscular block (EC50) were similar for young adult (338.8 ng/ml) and elderly (462.7 ng/ml) patients (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Elderly patients showed increased AUC/D and reduced total Cl compared to young adult patients due to the age-related reduced renal function. Differences in the PK-PD properties of rocuronium in elderly population are due to changes in drug disposition rather than to alterations in the sensitivity to the drug.
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creatinine clearance, elderly, rocuronium
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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, v. 68, n. 11, p. 1351-1358, 2016.