Controle de fitopatógenos do solo com materiais vegetais associados à solarização
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Data
2008-12-01
Autores
Ambrósio, Márcia Michelle de Queiroz
Bueno, César Júnior
Padovani, Carlos Roberto [UNESP]
Souza, Nilton Luiz de
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia
Resumo
A incorporação de material orgânico associada à solarização do solo é uma técnica promissora no controle de patógenos de plantas. O trabalho consistiu na prospecção de materiais vegetais promissores na produção de voláteis fungitóxicos capazes de inviabilizar as estruturas de resistência de fitopatógenos do solo. em condição de campo foram incorporados 3 Kg/m² de folhas e ramos de brócolos, eucalipto, mamona e mandioca brava, associada ou não à solarização, visando o controle de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici raça 2; Macrophomina phaseolina; Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI e Sclerotium rolfsii. O controle foi avaliado por meio da sobrevivência das estruturas, em meios semi-seletivo específicos, aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias do início do experimento. Foram monitoradas as temperaturas do solo e do ar por um DataLogger Tipo CR23X (Campbell Scientific) e a porcentagem de CO2 e de O2 pelo equipamento analisador de gases (Testo 325-1). A associação da incorporação dos materiais vegetais com a solarização do solo inativou F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici raça 2, M. phaseolina e R. solani. O fungo S. rolfsii foi o único que não apresentou 100% de controle com solarização mais mamona durante o período estudado. A incorporação de mandioca seguido de solarização propiciou o controle de todos os fungos estudados com menos de sete dias da instalação do experimento, sendo tão eficiente quanto o brócolos na erradicação dos fitopatógenos veiculados pelo sol.
The association between previous incorporation of vegetable material and soil solarization is a promising technique for control of several phytopathogens. The objective of this work consisted in the investigation of materials vegetable that are promising to produce fungitoxic volatiles capable of inactivating the resistence structures of soil plant pathogens. Three Kg/m² of vegetable materials were incorporated under field conditions, and the survival of four fungal species (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2; Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI and Sclerotium rolfsii) was evaluated against four fresh materials vegetables, ground and incorporated into the soil (leaves and branches of broccoli, eucalyptus, castor bean, and wild cassava). Control was evaluated through of the analysis of the survival of structures in a specific semi-selective medium, during four periods (7, 14, 21 and 28 days from the beginning of the experiment). Temperature values were monitored by a DataLogger Type CR23X (Campbell Scientific), and CO2 and O2 percentages were monitored with a gas analyzer equipment (Testo 325-1). The association between incorporation of vegetable materials with soil solarization inactivated F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2, M. phaseolina and R. solani. The fungus S. rolfsii was the only that didn't present 100% of control with solarization more castor bean during the studied period. The incorporation of cassava followed by solarization provided the control of all fungi studied in less than seven days from the installation of the experiment, and was as efficient as broccoli in the eradication of these soil-borne plant pathogens.
The association between previous incorporation of vegetable material and soil solarization is a promising technique for control of several phytopathogens. The objective of this work consisted in the investigation of materials vegetable that are promising to produce fungitoxic volatiles capable of inactivating the resistence structures of soil plant pathogens. Three Kg/m² of vegetable materials were incorporated under field conditions, and the survival of four fungal species (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2; Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HGI and Sclerotium rolfsii) was evaluated against four fresh materials vegetables, ground and incorporated into the soil (leaves and branches of broccoli, eucalyptus, castor bean, and wild cassava). Control was evaluated through of the analysis of the survival of structures in a specific semi-selective medium, during four periods (7, 14, 21 and 28 days from the beginning of the experiment). Temperature values were monitored by a DataLogger Type CR23X (Campbell Scientific), and CO2 and O2 percentages were monitored with a gas analyzer equipment (Testo 325-1). The association between incorporation of vegetable materials with soil solarization inactivated F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2, M. phaseolina and R. solani. The fungus S. rolfsii was the only that didn't present 100% of control with solarization more castor bean during the studied period. The incorporation of cassava followed by solarization provided the control of all fungi studied in less than seven days from the installation of the experiment, and was as efficient as broccoli in the eradication of these soil-borne plant pathogens.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solarização, matéria orgânica, fermentação acelerada, fungos fitopatogênicos, estruturas de resistência, controle, Soil solarization, organic matter, accelerated fermentation, phytopathogenic fungi, resistence strutures, control
Como citar
Summa Phytopathologica. Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia, v. 34, n. 4, p. 354-358, 2008.