Efeito do tempo de confinamento sobre o desempenho, ganho em carcaça e rendimento de desossa de bovinos Nelore
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Data
2018-02-22
Autores
Moreira, Aline Domingues
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do tempo de confinamento sobre o desempenho, ganho em carcaça e rendimento de desossa (padrão brasileiro) de tourinhos Nelore. Trezentos e sessenta animais (peso inicial= 389± 33.8 kg e 26 meses de idade) foram distribuídos em 36 baias (unidade experimental) para avaliar os tempos de confinamento, que consistiram em 61, 89, 117 e 145 dias. Foram utilizadas 9 baias por tempo de confinamento. Ao final de cada tempo de confinamento todos os animais foram abatidos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados (o peso corporal inicial foi o critério de blocagem). As médias foram comparadas por contrastes ortogonais polinomiais, linear e quadrático, sendo considerado o nível de significância de 5% de probabilidade. Ao longo dos dias de alimentação os animais não diferiram no CMS, em kg/dia, porém quando expresso em porcentagem do peso corporal observou-se redução linear no consumo, no GMD, no GMDcar e nas EA e EAc a medida que o peso corporal aumentou linearmente (P < 0,0001). Os pesos de abate foram de 498, 533, 555 e 583 kg, para 61, 89, 117 e 145 dias de confinamento, respectivamente. Foram observados ganhos de 1,28, 1,21, 1,10 e 1,01 kg de carcaça/dia. O RC, RG e peso de carcaça final apresentaram comportamento quadrátido (P < 0,0001) com o aumento nos dias de alimentação. O RG foi de 71,2, 75,4, 77,7 e 75,4 % e o peso de carcaça foi de 285, 315, 336 e 354 kg, para os respectivos tempos de confinamento. A composição química foi influenciada pelo tempo de confinamento com aumento linear da quantidade de gordura na carcaça (P < 0,0001). Observou-se efeito quadrático para crescimento de rúmen (P = 0,0004) e fígado (P = 0,0251). Houve efeito linear crescente para intestinos (P < 0,0001), coração (P < 0,0001), baço (P < 0,0001), rins (P = 0,0146) e conteúdo ruminal (P = 0,0015). Com o aumento no tempo de confinamento, houve aumento quadrático na porcentagem de dianteiro (P = 0,0071), enquanto a proporção de traseiro reduziu linearmente (P < 0,0001). Pode-se observar aumento quadrático para rendimento total de desossa da carcaça (P < 0,0001), e redução quadrática na porcentagem de ossos (P < 0,0001) e aparas (P = 0,0035). A medida que se aumentou o peso de abate, houve redução linear (P = 0,004) participação do total de cortes nobres na carcaça. A taxa de ganho em carcaça reduz com o aumento do período de confinamento, porém a proporção de carcaça no ganho em peso aumenta. O aumento no tempo de confinamento melhora o rendimento de desossa da carcaça de bovinos alimentados por dias estendidos, por aumentar a proporção de cortes e diminuir a participação de ossos.
The objective was evaluate the effect of feedlot time on the Nellore young bulls performance , carcass gain and meat cust yield . Three hundred and fifty - two animals (initial body weight (BW) = 389 ± 33.8 kg and 26 months old) were assigned into 36 pens (experimental unit) where was evaluated the feedlot times, which consisted in 61, 89, 117 and 145 days. Da ta were obtained from all bulls into nine pens for each feedlot time. At the beginning of the study, nine animals were slaughtered (one representative of each weight block) to determine the initial carcass weight. The carcass daily gain was calculated as t he difference betwe en the final weight hot carcass and initial estimated by reference slaughter. Carcass gain ( CG ) expressed in percentage, is the amount of casing per unit weight gain. The datas were analized using orthogonal polynomial contrasts in a ran domized block design (blocked by initial body weight) in the SAS PROC MIXED (9.0). Significance was declared at P ≤ 0. 05 . During the feeding days the animals did not differ in the DMI , in kg / day, however when expressed as a percentage of body weight, a l inear reduction in consumption, ADG , ADG car and FE and FE c was observed as body weight increased linearly (P < 0.0001). There was a linear increase (P < 0.01) for BW with increasing feedlot time. Final body weights were 498, 533, 555 and 583 kg, in their f eedlot times. There were gains of 1.28, 1.21, 1.10 and 1.01 kg of carcass / day. The dressing percentage , CG and final carcass weight presented a quadratic effect (P < 0.0001) with the increase in feeding days. The CG was 71.2, 75.4, 77.7 and 75.4% and the carcass weight was 285, 315, 336 and 354 kg, for the respective feedlot times. The chemical composition was influenced by the feedlot time with linear increase of the amount of fat in the carcass (P < 0.0001). A quad ratic effect was observed for rumen growth (P = 0.0004) and liver (P = 0.0251). There was a progressive linear effect for intestines (P < 0.0001), heart (P < 0.0001), spleen (P < 0.0001), kidneys (P = 0.0146) a nd ruminal content (P = 0.0015) . With the incr ease in feedlot time, there was an increase in the percentage of forequarter (P = 0.0071), while rate of hindquarter reduced linearly (P < 0.0001). It can be observed a quadratic increase for total carcase boneless yield (P < 0.0001), and a quadratic reduc tion in bone percentage (P <0.0001) and trimmed (P = 0.0035). The rate of carcass gain reduces with the increase in the feedlot period, but the carcass ratio in the weight gain increases. The increase in feedlot time improves the boning yield of the bovine carcass because increasing the proportion of cuts and decreasing the participation of bones.
The objective was evaluate the effect of feedlot time on the Nellore young bulls performance , carcass gain and meat cust yield . Three hundred and fifty - two animals (initial body weight (BW) = 389 ± 33.8 kg and 26 months old) were assigned into 36 pens (experimental unit) where was evaluated the feedlot times, which consisted in 61, 89, 117 and 145 days. Da ta were obtained from all bulls into nine pens for each feedlot time. At the beginning of the study, nine animals were slaughtered (one representative of each weight block) to determine the initial carcass weight. The carcass daily gain was calculated as t he difference betwe en the final weight hot carcass and initial estimated by reference slaughter. Carcass gain ( CG ) expressed in percentage, is the amount of casing per unit weight gain. The datas were analized using orthogonal polynomial contrasts in a ran domized block design (blocked by initial body weight) in the SAS PROC MIXED (9.0). Significance was declared at P ≤ 0. 05 . During the feeding days the animals did not differ in the DMI , in kg / day, however when expressed as a percentage of body weight, a l inear reduction in consumption, ADG , ADG car and FE and FE c was observed as body weight increased linearly (P < 0.0001). There was a linear increase (P < 0.01) for BW with increasing feedlot time. Final body weights were 498, 533, 555 and 583 kg, in their f eedlot times. There were gains of 1.28, 1.21, 1.10 and 1.01 kg of carcass / day. The dressing percentage , CG and final carcass weight presented a quadratic effect (P < 0.0001) with the increase in feeding days. The CG was 71.2, 75.4, 77.7 and 75.4% and the carcass weight was 285, 315, 336 and 354 kg, for the respective feedlot times. The chemical composition was influenced by the feedlot time with linear increase of the amount of fat in the carcass (P < 0.0001). A quad ratic effect was observed for rumen growth (P = 0.0004) and liver (P = 0.0251). There was a progressive linear effect for intestines (P < 0.0001), heart (P < 0.0001), spleen (P < 0.0001), kidneys (P = 0.0146) a nd ruminal content (P = 0.0015) . With the incr ease in feedlot time, there was an increase in the percentage of forequarter (P = 0.0071), while rate of hindquarter reduced linearly (P < 0.0001). It can be observed a quadratic increase for total carcase boneless yield (P < 0.0001), and a quadratic reduc tion in bone percentage (P <0.0001) and trimmed (P = 0.0035). The rate of carcass gain reduces with the increase in the feedlot period, but the carcass ratio in the weight gain increases. The increase in feedlot time improves the boning yield of the bovine carcass because increasing the proportion of cuts and decreasing the participation of bones.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Rendimento do ganho, Ponto de abate, Cortes primários, Cortes cárneos secundários, Carcass transfer, Slaughter time, Primal cuts, Meat cuts proportion