Qualidade sanitária da Baía do Araçá, São Sebastião (SP)
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Data
2018-04-27
Autores
Doi, Sonia Assami [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Baía do Araçá apresenta grande complexidade morfofisiológica e ambiental e uma grande diversidade de organismos aquáticos e terrestres. A avaliação das densidades de microrganismos indicadores de contaminação fecal é fundamental para determinar a qualidade microbiológica, tanto da água, como do sedimento. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da água e do sedimento, determinando a densidade de E. coli, Enterococcus spp. e da levedura do gênero Candida. Os resultados foram correlacionados com as variáveis abióticas e comparados com a legislação vigente. Também foi analisado a densidade e diversidade de fungos filamentosos isolados da água e do sedimento. Para avaliar a qualidade microbiológica, amostras de água e de sedimento foram coletados na região entremarés da Baía do Araçá (São Sebastião/SP), em campanhas no verão e no inverno durante dois anos. Foi utilizado a Técnica de Membrana Filtrante para determinar a densidade das bactérias Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. e da levedura Candida spp. e a Técnica Spread Plate para determinar a densidade dos fungos filamentosos. A análise estatística foi utilizada testes não paramétricos, Análise de Correspondência Canônica e o Índice de Shannon e Chao1 para determinar a diversidade de fungos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as densidades microbianas foram maiores nos sedimentos em relação à amostra da água. As maiores densidades de Enterococcus spp., Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis e C. glabrata foram obtidas no inverno, em oposição ao E. coli que foi obtida no verão. Comparando os dados coletados com a Resolução CONAMA nº 274/00, as amostras indicaram condições ambientais impróprias para uso recreativo. Não foram observadas correlações significativas das variáveis abióticas com as densidades das bactérias e leveduras. Foram detectadas elevadas densidades de Enterococcus sp. e de Candida tropicalis tanto na amostra da água como no sedimento, indicando que este resultado é preocupante quanto à qualidade sanitária do ambiente. Dentre os gêneros de Enterococcus sp. foi detectado uma elevada presença de E. faecium na água e no sedimento. A densidade dos fungos filamentosos foram muito mais elevadas em relação às bactérias, sendo identificados ao total 15 gêneros. A análise constante da densidade de bactérias e de leveduras patogênicas é importante para determinar a qualidade ambiental e os possíveis riscos que esta contaminação pode acarretar na saúde dos homens e animais. Apesar da contaminação e do impacto que caracteriza a qualidade da Baía, ela deve ser preservada por possuir microrganismos que podem servir de fonte para bioprospecção de novos produtos com potencial aplicação biotecnológica.
Araçá Bay presents great morphophysiological and environmental complexity and a great diversity of aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The evaluation of the microorganism’s densities of fecal contamination indicators is essential to determine the microbiological quality of water and sediment. This work aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of water and sediment, determining the density of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and Candida yeast. The results were correlated with the abiotic variables and compared with the current legislation. The density and diversity of filamentous fungi isolated from water and sediment were also analyzed. To evaluate the microbiological quality, water and sediment samples were collected in the intertidal region of Baía do Araçá (São Sebastião / SP), in summer and winter campaigns for two years. The Filter Membrane Technique was used to determine the density of the bacteria E. coli, Enterococcus spp. and Candida spp. and the Spread Plate Technique to determine the density of the filamentous fungi. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests, Canonical Correspondence Analysis and the Shannon and Chao1 Index to determine fungal diversity. The results showed that the microbial densities were higher in the sediments in relation to the water sample. The highest densities of Enterococcus spp., Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata were obtained in winter, as opposed to E. coli that was obtained in the summer. Comparing the data collected with CONAMA Resolution No. 274/00, the samples indicated environmental conditions unfit for recreational use. No significant correlation of abiotic variables with bacterial and yeast densities was observed. High densities of Enterococcus sp. and Candida tropicalis, both in the water sample and in the sediment, indicating that this result is of concern regarding the sanitary quality of the environment. Among the genera of Enterococcus sp. a high presence of E. faecium was detected in the water and in the sediment. The density of the filamentous fungi was much higher in relation to the bacteria, being identified to the total 15 genera. The constant analysis of the density of bacteria and pathogenic yeasts is important to determine the environmental quality and the possible risks that this contamination can have on the health of men and animals. Despite the contamination and the impact that characterizes the Bay quality, it must be preserved because it has microorganisms that can serve as a source for bioprospecting new products with potential biotechnological application.
Araçá Bay presents great morphophysiological and environmental complexity and a great diversity of aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The evaluation of the microorganism’s densities of fecal contamination indicators is essential to determine the microbiological quality of water and sediment. This work aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of water and sediment, determining the density of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and Candida yeast. The results were correlated with the abiotic variables and compared with the current legislation. The density and diversity of filamentous fungi isolated from water and sediment were also analyzed. To evaluate the microbiological quality, water and sediment samples were collected in the intertidal region of Baía do Araçá (São Sebastião / SP), in summer and winter campaigns for two years. The Filter Membrane Technique was used to determine the density of the bacteria E. coli, Enterococcus spp. and Candida spp. and the Spread Plate Technique to determine the density of the filamentous fungi. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests, Canonical Correspondence Analysis and the Shannon and Chao1 Index to determine fungal diversity. The results showed that the microbial densities were higher in the sediments in relation to the water sample. The highest densities of Enterococcus spp., Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata were obtained in winter, as opposed to E. coli that was obtained in the summer. Comparing the data collected with CONAMA Resolution No. 274/00, the samples indicated environmental conditions unfit for recreational use. No significant correlation of abiotic variables with bacterial and yeast densities was observed. High densities of Enterococcus sp. and Candida tropicalis, both in the water sample and in the sediment, indicating that this result is of concern regarding the sanitary quality of the environment. Among the genera of Enterococcus sp. a high presence of E. faecium was detected in the water and in the sediment. The density of the filamentous fungi was much higher in relation to the bacteria, being identified to the total 15 genera. The constant analysis of the density of bacteria and pathogenic yeasts is important to determine the environmental quality and the possible risks that this contamination can have on the health of men and animals. Despite the contamination and the impact that characterizes the Bay quality, it must be preserved because it has microorganisms that can serve as a source for bioprospecting new products with potential biotechnological application.
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Palavras-chave
Escherichia coli, Enterococcus sp., Candida sp., Qualidade sanitária, Diversidade fúngica, Sanitary quality, Fungal diversity