Espacialização e territorialização dos assentamentos rurais implementados na década de 1990 em Ituiutaba (MG)
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2018-10-25
Autores
Ramos, Elaine Aparecida [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O campo brasileiro é marcado por contradições desde o processo de ocupação do território, e as mudanças político-econômicas contribuíram para algumas transformações do espaço. Estas, a partir da década de 1990, são marcadas pela reestruturação econômica, que integrada à lógica do capitalismo mundializado, ampliam as desigualdades, visto a concentração de terras e de renda. Ao mesmo tempo, crescem também a organização de grupos e movimentos sociais que demonstram, por meio de sua luta e resistência, a intenção de garantir a viabilização e aplicação de políticas que atendam as demandas sociais. Assim, a partir das lutas e de políticas que visam diminuir os conflitos no campo, a desapropriação de terras que não cumprem sua função social e o assentamento de famílias, busca-se identificar e analisar a construção e o desenvolvimento do território dos assentamentos rurais implementados no município de Ituiutaba (MG) na década de 1990. Para tal, realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico, análise do uso da terra, identificação de ocupações e assentamentos implementados, verificação de legislações, leis e documentos dos imóveis desapropriados, e coleta de dados primários e secundários. A partir disso, identificou-se que os PA´s (Projeto de Assentamento) Divisa, Chico Mendes e Engenho da Serra são resultantes da organização, luta e resistência de sujeitos oriundos de municípios do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba. Nestes, destaque para o município de Ituiutaba (MG), se constatou a permanência da questão agrária e das contradições no campo, visto: os índices de conflitos no campo, número significativo de ocupações e assentamentos implementados; e, por outro lado, a expansão da produção ligada ao agronegócio (commodities). Além disso, a partir do histórico e de documentos sobre o pagamento dos imóveis desapropriados, verificou-se que estes foram remunerados conforme valor de mercado, condição garantida e sustentada por legislação (Lei complementar nº 76) aos proprietários das áreas que não cumpriam função social. Nessas áreas desapropriadas do município de Ituiutaba, houve o assentamento de 136 famílias, que com o acesso a terra, essas construíram seus modos de vida e trabalho. Nos assentamentos, há o desenvolvimento de atividades agrícolas, porém, a principal produção desenvolvida nos lotes corresponde à pecuária leiteira. Nota-se que nem todas as famílias que estiveram no processo de ocupação permanecem em seus lotes, em que as principais dificuldades identificadas por aqueles que se encontram nos assentamentos, correspondem a infraestrutura e apoio técnico. Diante disso, adotam estratégias para permanecer no campo que estão relacionadas às rendas monetárias e não monetárias, aposentadorias e, também, trabalho (formal e informal) realizado pelos sujeitos em áreas próximas ou na cidade. Nessa fração do território, apresenta-se as contradições do capitalismo no campo, resultante da subordinação dos sujeitos fornecedores de leite à laticínios/agroindústrias leiteiras, que se valem dessa relação e mesmo sem produzirem no campo monopolizam o território. Assim, a partir da intencionalidade dos sujeitos expressos em sua história, estratégias adotadas, pelos meios e modos de vida e de produção, identificou-se a territorialização e a territorialidade nesses assentamentos, que exprimem os desafios da recriação camponesa, como também, a reprodução e resistência das famílias nos lotes.
The Brazilian country side has been marked by contradictions since the process of occupation of the territory, and political - economic changes have contributed to some transformations of space. These, from the 1990s, are marked by economic restructuring, which, integrated with t he logic of mondiali zed capitalism, widen social differences , given the concentration of land and income. At the same time, there is also an increase in the organization of groups and social movements that demonstrate, through their struggle and resistance , the intention to ensure the viability and application of policies that meet social demands. Thus, from the struggles and policies aimed at reducing conflicts in the countryside, the expropriation of lands that do not fulfill their social function and the settlement of families, seeks to identify and analyze the construction and development of the territory of rural settlements implemented in the municipality of Ituiutaba (MG) in the 1990s. Were made a bibliographic survey, land use analysis, identificatio n of occupations and settlements implemented, verification of legislation, laws and documents of expropriated properties and collection of primary data were carried out and secondary. From this, it was identified that the SP s (Settlement Project) Divisa, C hico Mendes and Engenho da Serra are the result of the organization, struggle and resistance of subjects from municipalities of the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba. In these cases, the municipality of Ituiutaba (MG) pointed out the permanence of the a grarian question and the contradictions in the field, since: the indexes of conflicts in the field, significant number of occupations and settlements implemented; and, on the other hand, the expansion of production linked to agribusiness (commodities). In addition, from the history and documents on the payment of the expropriated properties, it was verified that these were remunerated according to market value, condition guaranteed and sustained by legislation (Complementary Law No. 76) to the owners of are as that did not fulfill social function. In these expropriated areas of the municipality of Ituiutaba, there were the settlement of 136 families, who with access to land, these built their ways of life and work. In the settlements there is the development of agricultural activities, however, the main production developed in the lots corresponds to the dairy cattle. It is noted that not all the families that were in the occupation process remain in their lots, in which the main difficulties identified by tho se in the settlements correspond to the infrastructure and technical support. Given this, they adopt strategies to stay in the field that are related to monetary and non - monetary incomes, pensions and, also, work (formal and informal) carried out by the su bjects in nearby areas or in the city. In this fraction of the territory, we present the contradictions of capitalism in the countryside, resulting from the subordination of milk supplying subjects to dairy / dairy industries, who use this relation and eve n without producing in the field monopolize the territory. Thus, from the intentionality of the subjects expressed in their history, strategies adopted, by means and ways of life and production, territoriality and territoriality were identified in these se ttlements, which express the challenges of peasant recreation, as well as , in the family reproduction and resistance on the lots.
The Brazilian country side has been marked by contradictions since the process of occupation of the territory, and political - economic changes have contributed to some transformations of space. These, from the 1990s, are marked by economic restructuring, which, integrated with t he logic of mondiali zed capitalism, widen social differences , given the concentration of land and income. At the same time, there is also an increase in the organization of groups and social movements that demonstrate, through their struggle and resistance , the intention to ensure the viability and application of policies that meet social demands. Thus, from the struggles and policies aimed at reducing conflicts in the countryside, the expropriation of lands that do not fulfill their social function and the settlement of families, seeks to identify and analyze the construction and development of the territory of rural settlements implemented in the municipality of Ituiutaba (MG) in the 1990s. Were made a bibliographic survey, land use analysis, identificatio n of occupations and settlements implemented, verification of legislation, laws and documents of expropriated properties and collection of primary data were carried out and secondary. From this, it was identified that the SP s (Settlement Project) Divisa, C hico Mendes and Engenho da Serra are the result of the organization, struggle and resistance of subjects from municipalities of the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba. In these cases, the municipality of Ituiutaba (MG) pointed out the permanence of the a grarian question and the contradictions in the field, since: the indexes of conflicts in the field, significant number of occupations and settlements implemented; and, on the other hand, the expansion of production linked to agribusiness (commodities). In addition, from the history and documents on the payment of the expropriated properties, it was verified that these were remunerated according to market value, condition guaranteed and sustained by legislation (Complementary Law No. 76) to the owners of are as that did not fulfill social function. In these expropriated areas of the municipality of Ituiutaba, there were the settlement of 136 families, who with access to land, these built their ways of life and work. In the settlements there is the development of agricultural activities, however, the main production developed in the lots corresponds to the dairy cattle. It is noted that not all the families that were in the occupation process remain in their lots, in which the main difficulties identified by tho se in the settlements correspond to the infrastructure and technical support. Given this, they adopt strategies to stay in the field that are related to monetary and non - monetary incomes, pensions and, also, work (formal and informal) carried out by the su bjects in nearby areas or in the city. In this fraction of the territory, we present the contradictions of capitalism in the countryside, resulting from the subordination of milk supplying subjects to dairy / dairy industries, who use this relation and eve n without producing in the field monopolize the territory. Thus, from the intentionality of the subjects expressed in their history, strategies adopted, by means and ways of life and production, territoriality and territoriality were identified in these se ttlements, which express the challenges of peasant recreation, as well as , in the family reproduction and resistance on the lots.
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Palavras-chave
Assentamentos rurais, Espacialização, Territorialização, Território, , Rural settlements, Spatialization, Territorialization, Territory, Ituiutaba (MG)