O impacto das políticas sociais na trajetória de vida de adolescentes em conflito com a lei
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Data
2018-11-01
Autores
Brandt, Viviana Camargo [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os adolescentes que cumprem Medidas Socioeducativas no Brasil têm cor e classe social: são negros e pobres. Isso não significa que apenas estes cometem atos infracionais, e sim que, via de regra, há uma seleção de quem responde e de como responde por tais atos. Desta forma, a população negra e pobre está mais sujeita a sofrer os danos decorrentes da desigualdade social do país. Mas isso não acontece apenas quando há responsabilização pelas infrações que cometeram. Acontece antes, quando eles ficam à margem das políticas públicas sociais, estas que estão previstas nas legislações nacionais e têm como objetivo redistribuir os benefícios socias a fim de diminuir as desigualdades estruturais. Para compreender melhor o lugar dessas políticas na vida de adolescentes em conflito com a lei é que foi proposta esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, que tem por objetivo analisar como a inserção de políticas sociais afetam as trajetórias de vida de adolescentes em conflito com a lei. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com jovens da cidade de Araras/SP que saíram da Fundação CASA entre 2015 e 2016. Os dados coletados nas entrevistas foram organizados e tratados por meio de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que várias políticas sociais alcançaram os entrevistados antes de seu envolvimento com o meio ilícito, porém, elas não foram efetivas, por várias razões, dentre elas, a falta de investimento do poder público nestas políticas, que acabam sendo executadas por poucos funcionários e estes sem a capacitação permanente necessária. A falta de investimento, por sua vez, parece se relacionar com a ideologia neoliberal que regula o Estado e a população de maneira hegemônica na atualidade, já que o neoliberalismo defende direitos individuais e não sociais, estes que são garantidos pelas políticas públicas sociais. Ainda sob interferência dessa ideologia, constatamos nesta pesquisa a força de políticas remediativas – aqui consideradas a Socioeducação e a Segurança Pública – na vida desses jovens, sendo que a Política Socioeducativa assume papel contraditório, principalmente quando se trata da medida de internação, uma vez que garante alguns direitos, como saúde, educação, profissionalização, mas viola outros, como a dignidade, o respeito e a liberdade. Já a Segurança Pública, não compreendendo esses jovens como sujeitos de direitos, não lhes garante proteção e, sim violência, ameaça e grades.
Adolescents who comply with Socio-educational Measures in Brazil have color and social class: they are black and poor. This does not mean that only these commit offenses, but that, as a rule, there is a selection of who responds and how they respond for such acts. In this way, the black and poor population is more likely to suffer the damages resulting from the country's social inequality. But this does not happen only when there is accountability for the infractions they have committed. It happens first, when they are excluded from public social policies, which are provided for in national legislation and aim to redistribute social benefits in order to reduce structural inequalities. To better understand the place of these policies in the lives of adolescents in conflict with the law, this qualitative research was proposed, whose objective is to analyze how the insertion of social policies affect the life trajectories of adolescents in conflict with the law. For that, semi-structured interviews were conducted with youngsters from the city of Araras/SP who left the Fundação CASA between 2015 and 2016. The data collected in the interviews were organized and treated through content analysis. The results indicate that several social policies reached the interviewees before their involvement with the illicit means, however, they were not effective, for several reasons, among them, the lack of investment of the public power in these policies, that are executed by few employees and these without the necessary permanent training. The lack of investment, in turn, seems to be related to the neoliberal ideology that regulates the state and the population in a hegemonic way today, since neoliberalism defends individual and non-social rights, which are guaranteed by public social policies. Still under the influence of this ideology, we find in this research the strength of remedial policies - here considered as Socioeducation and Public Safety - in the lives of these young people, and the Socio-educational Policy assumes a contradictory role, especially when it comes to the hospitalization measure, since guarantees some rights, such as health, education, professionalization, but violates others, such as dignity, respect and freedom. Public Security, not understanding these young people as subjects of rights, does not guarantee them protection, but violence, threats and grids.
Adolescents who comply with Socio-educational Measures in Brazil have color and social class: they are black and poor. This does not mean that only these commit offenses, but that, as a rule, there is a selection of who responds and how they respond for such acts. In this way, the black and poor population is more likely to suffer the damages resulting from the country's social inequality. But this does not happen only when there is accountability for the infractions they have committed. It happens first, when they are excluded from public social policies, which are provided for in national legislation and aim to redistribute social benefits in order to reduce structural inequalities. To better understand the place of these policies in the lives of adolescents in conflict with the law, this qualitative research was proposed, whose objective is to analyze how the insertion of social policies affect the life trajectories of adolescents in conflict with the law. For that, semi-structured interviews were conducted with youngsters from the city of Araras/SP who left the Fundação CASA between 2015 and 2016. The data collected in the interviews were organized and treated through content analysis. The results indicate that several social policies reached the interviewees before their involvement with the illicit means, however, they were not effective, for several reasons, among them, the lack of investment of the public power in these policies, that are executed by few employees and these without the necessary permanent training. The lack of investment, in turn, seems to be related to the neoliberal ideology that regulates the state and the population in a hegemonic way today, since neoliberalism defends individual and non-social rights, which are guaranteed by public social policies. Still under the influence of this ideology, we find in this research the strength of remedial policies - here considered as Socioeducation and Public Safety - in the lives of these young people, and the Socio-educational Policy assumes a contradictory role, especially when it comes to the hospitalization measure, since guarantees some rights, such as health, education, professionalization, but violates others, such as dignity, respect and freedom. Public Security, not understanding these young people as subjects of rights, does not guarantee them protection, but violence, threats and grids.
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Palavras-chave
Políticas sociais, Adolescentes em conflito com a lei, Neoliberalismo, Social politics, Teens in conflict with the law, Neoliberalism