A arte e o niilismo: Albert Camus e o ethos do absurdo e da revolta
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Data
2018-12-18
Autores
Chagas, José Soares das [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o niilismo que permeia as produções culturais e o pensamento contemporâneos, a partir dos conceitos de absurdo e revolta de Albert Camus (1913-1960), como ethos possível de uma vida que não se nega a si mesma e se faz semelhante à arte, a saber: criadora. Trata-se de buscar compreender a época das duas guerras mundiais (primeira metade do século XX), em que assassinatos e crueldades receberam estatuto de inocência e razoabilidade por parte da filosofia e da ciência. Neste cenário, a arte compartilha do espírito hodierno da revolta. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, serve de parâmetro de uma ação que busca a unidade na criação, sem cair na negação niilista do suicídio, do assassinato ou de regimes totalitários. Para esta análise, a metodologia hermenêutica empregada consiste numa imersão na obra ensaística, romanesca e dramatúrgica de Camus que busca, ao longo de seus textos, individuar e discutir a problemática niilista em relação com a arte, dentro das preocupações estéticas e poéticas, as quais constituem o horizonte reflexivo do autor. Também lançamos mão das reflexões de Nietzsche como obra de apoio para desenvolver o significado, a origem e a história do niilismo. A partir disso, dividimos a nossa tese em três capítulos: 1 – diagnóstico histórico do niilismo com base no pensamento nietzschiano e na apropriação que o franco-argelino fez do pensador alemão; 2 – a abordagem da relação entre o conceito de niilismo e absurdo e como este se torna um modelo de vida e de fazer artístico; 3 – a constatação da revolta como resposta ao niilismo e ao absurdo e os seus desdobramentos, éticos e estéticos de solidariedade, diálogo e criação. Assim, o nosso trabalho que é de natureza teórica, bibliográfica, de intertextualidade e analítica, mostra a arte como modelo de resistência e criação perante uma realidade cultural e socialmente conhecida como niilista.
The has the obj ective of this work is to analyze the nihilism that permeates contemporary cultural production , from the concepts of absurdity and rebellion of Albert Camus (1913 - 1960), as possible ethos of a life that does not deny itself and makes it similar to art, nam ely: creative. It is a question of understanding the time of the two world wars (f irst half of the 20th century ), when murders and cruelties were given innocent and reasonable status by philosophy and science. In this scenario, an art shared by the current spirit of revolt. However , at the same time, serve s as a parameter of an action that seeks the production, without suicide, of suicide, murder or totalitarian regimes. For this analysis , the hermeneutic methodology employed consists of an immersion in the essays, romanesca and dramaturgica work of Camu s that searches, throughout in their texts , to identify and discuss the nihilistic problematic in relation to art, within the aesthetic and poetic concerns, which constitute the reflective horizon of t he auth or. We also use Nietzsche's reflections as a support to develop the meaning, an origin and a history of nihilism . From this, we divide our thesis into three chapters : 1 – historical diagnosis of nihilism on the basis of Nietzschean thought and the a ppropri ation that the Franco - Algerian made of the German thinker; 2 – the approach of the relationship between the concept of nihilism and absurdity and how this becomes a model of life and artistic making; 3 – the realization of the revolt as a response to nih ilism and absurdity and its unfolding, ethical and aesthetic of solidarity, dialogue and creation. Therefore , our effort, which is theoretical, bibliographical , of intertextuality and analytical , intends to reflect on art as a model of resis tance and creat ion before a cultural reality and socially known as nihilistic.
The has the obj ective of this work is to analyze the nihilism that permeates contemporary cultural production , from the concepts of absurdity and rebellion of Albert Camus (1913 - 1960), as possible ethos of a life that does not deny itself and makes it similar to art, nam ely: creative. It is a question of understanding the time of the two world wars (f irst half of the 20th century ), when murders and cruelties were given innocent and reasonable status by philosophy and science. In this scenario, an art shared by the current spirit of revolt. However , at the same time, serve s as a parameter of an action that seeks the production, without suicide, of suicide, murder or totalitarian regimes. For this analysis , the hermeneutic methodology employed consists of an immersion in the essays, romanesca and dramaturgica work of Camu s that searches, throughout in their texts , to identify and discuss the nihilistic problematic in relation to art, within the aesthetic and poetic concerns, which constitute the reflective horizon of t he auth or. We also use Nietzsche's reflections as a support to develop the meaning, an origin and a history of nihilism . From this, we divide our thesis into three chapters : 1 – historical diagnosis of nihilism on the basis of Nietzschean thought and the a ppropri ation that the Franco - Algerian made of the German thinker; 2 – the approach of the relationship between the concept of nihilism and absurdity and how this becomes a model of life and artistic making; 3 – the realization of the revolt as a response to nih ilism and absurdity and its unfolding, ethical and aesthetic of solidarity, dialogue and creation. Therefore , our effort, which is theoretical, bibliographical , of intertextuality and analytical , intends to reflect on art as a model of resis tance and creat ion before a cultural reality and socially known as nihilistic.
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Palavras-chave
Arte, Niilismo, Camus, Absurdo, Revolta, Art, Nihilism, Camus, Absurdity, Rebellion