Interação entre sistemas de cultivo e estratégias de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no milho
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Data
2018-11-26
Autores
Flôres, Jordana De Araujo
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar a influência de sistemas de consórcios de crotalária e de Urochloa na cultura do milho, cultivado no sistema convencional na segunda e na primeira safra, sob doses de nitrogênio aplicado em cobertura. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3x5, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por três sistemas de cultivo (milho exclusivo, milho consorciado com crotalária e milho consorciado com Urochloa), e cinco doses de nitrogênio (N): 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1 de N aplicado em cobertura. No milho de segunda safra, os sistemas de cultivo influenciaram as variáveis diâmetro do colmo e altura de plantas, apresentando menores valores no milho consorciado com braquiária. A produtividade não foi prejudicada pelos consórcios, sendo estes influenciados apenas pelas doses de N, com maior produtividade na dose de 50 kg ha-1 de N. No cultivo de milho de primeira safra, foi evidenciada maior competição entre a cultura produtora de grãos e as espécies consorciadas. A produtividade foi maior no sistema com milho exclusivo (9.570 kg ha- 1) e menor no sistema milho consorciado com Urochloa (7.480 kg ha-1). Houve interação entre os sistemas de cultivos x doses de N, apontando maior produtividade para o sistema de milho exclusivo na dose de 100 kg ha-1 de N (12.440 kg ha-1). A relação de doses de nitrogênio X evapotranspiração real com as variáveis analisadas variam de acordo com sistema de cultivo.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the intercropping systems of crotalaria and Urochloa with maize crop, in the second and the first crop season, under doses of topdressing nitrogen applied in the conventional system. Randomized complete block design was used in a 3x5 factorial scheme with four replications. The plots consisted of three crop systems (exclusive maize, maize intercropped with crotalaria and maize intercropped with Urochloa), and five doses of nitrogen (N): 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1 of N applied in topdressing. In the secondcrop season maize, the crop systems influenced the variables stem diameter and plants heigh, presenting lower values in corn intercropped with Urochloa. Yield was not affected by the intercropping systems, with them influenced only by N rates, with the highest yield at the dose of 50 kg ha-1 of N. In the crop of first-season maize, greater competition was observed between the maize and intercropped species. Yield was higher in the system with exclusive maize (9.570 kg ha-1 ) and lower in the maize intercropped with Urochloa system (7.480 kg ha-1 ). There was interaction between cropping systems and doses of N, indicating higher yield for the exclusive maize system at the dose of 100 kg N ha-1 (12.440 kg ha1 ). The ratio DN X ETr with the variables vary depending on the cultivation system.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the intercropping systems of crotalaria and Urochloa with maize crop, in the second and the first crop season, under doses of topdressing nitrogen applied in the conventional system. Randomized complete block design was used in a 3x5 factorial scheme with four replications. The plots consisted of three crop systems (exclusive maize, maize intercropped with crotalaria and maize intercropped with Urochloa), and five doses of nitrogen (N): 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1 of N applied in topdressing. In the secondcrop season maize, the crop systems influenced the variables stem diameter and plants heigh, presenting lower values in corn intercropped with Urochloa. Yield was not affected by the intercropping systems, with them influenced only by N rates, with the highest yield at the dose of 50 kg ha-1 of N. In the crop of first-season maize, greater competition was observed between the maize and intercropped species. Yield was higher in the system with exclusive maize (9.570 kg ha-1 ) and lower in the maize intercropped with Urochloa system (7.480 kg ha-1 ). There was interaction between cropping systems and doses of N, indicating higher yield for the exclusive maize system at the dose of 100 kg N ha-1 (12.440 kg ha1 ). The ratio DN X ETr with the variables vary depending on the cultivation system.
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Palavras-chave
Zea mays, Consórcio, Épocas de cultivo, Evapotranspiração