Determinação da potencialidade de bioadsorção do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar na remoção de óleos e graxas de efluente sintético
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Data
2017-10-31
Autores
Ortiz Rodriguez, Jaime
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O crescimento do setor sucroalcooleiro tem potencializado a geração de grandes quantidades do resíduo de cana-de-açúcar (bagaço), fato que tem incentivado as pesquisas de novas alternativas para sua aplicação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a utilização do resíduo da biomassa, obtida de uma usina sucroalcooleira do estado de São Paulo (SP); avaliando sua granulometria após pré-tratamento (peneira grosseira), passando por peneiras padronizadas da série Tyler com aberturas correspondentes aos diâmetros médios de:1,40mm,1,19mm, 1,00mm e 0,85mm,o material bioadsorvente alternativo para remoção de óleos e graxas (O & G) proveniente de processamento de alimentos. Estudos realizados consideram como contaminante de difícil remoção, devido a sua solubilidade, pois estão presentes na suspensão de compostos orgânicos das águas residuárias domesticas, como ésteres de alto peso molecular, formados a partir de ácidos graxos de cadeia longa e glicerol. Os melhores resultados e condições operacionais que foram obtidas para a bioadsorção por bagaço de cana-de-açúcar destes O & G em ensaios em batelada, teve a finalidade detestar os mesmos em ensaio em coluna de leito fixo. O melhor resultado obtido entre as granulometrias do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar testadas para bioadsorção foi com diâmetro de 1,4mm. O experimento que determinou a influência da dosagem, de 0,5 a 5,0g, do bioadsorvente, bagaço de cana-de- açúcar, foi realizado com pH ácido em torno de 4 e 25°C (temperatura ambiente) com concentração inicial de O & G em solução oleosa aquosa sintética de 0,057gg-1, no qual a percentagem de remoção aumentou com a quantidade de adsorvente até 5,0g. Por outro lado o equilíbrio da capacidade de adsorção decresceu com a quantidade de adsorvente até 0,0028 g.g-1. O resultado da isoterma em concentração de equilíbrio (Ce) de O & G com material bioadsorvente bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, com granulometria 1,4 mm, foi obtido a capacidade de adsorção do adsorvente (qe) de 0.00225g.g-1. A interpretação dos resultados por meio dos modelos matemáticos de Langmuir e Freundlich, foi a obtenção do melhor coeficiente de correlação R2= 0,988, coeficiente de separação RL=0,999 para isoterma do tipo favorável e capacidade máxima de adsorção, (qmax) = 0,10g.g-1 para modelo de Langmuir. Nos ensaios em leito fixo de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, granulometrias de 1,00 e 0,85mm não demostraram resultados significativos em testes em coluna de vidro. Para granulometrias de 1,4mm e 1,19mm foram observados, na faixa da fração de concentração de adsorvato(Ce/C0) de 5% a 95%, valores de ponto de ruptura ao ponto de exaustão. O ensaio em coluna de vidro empacotado com leito fixo bagaço de cana-de-açúcar com granulometria de 1,40mm, apresentou resultados de bioadsorção de O & G no ponto de ruptura (Cb), valores de 46,49min e volume (Vb) de 250mL. O ponto de exaustação (Cx) de 386,40min e volume (Vx) de 1,850mL. Além disto, ensaio realizado em coluna de plástico empacotado com bagaço de cana-de-açúcar com granulometria de 1,4mm; resultou em valores de ponto de ruptura (Cb) de 72min e volume (Vb) 500mL e ponto de exaustão (Cx) de 802,2min e volume (Vx) de 3.000mL. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios do presente trabalho demostraram eficiência de remoção de O & G da solução sintética utilizada pelo bagaço da cana-de- açúcar concluindo-se como sendo uma alternativa de tratamento deste resíduo por bioadsorção.
The sugar and alcohol industry plant are rising, this has potentiated to generation of large amounts of sugarcane residue (bagasse), a fact that has encouraged the research of new use options and application. The objective of this research was for use the sugar and alcohol industry plant biomass residue obtained in Sao Paulo State (SP), evaluating its granulometry after pre-treatment (coarse sieving), passing through standard Tyler series sieves with openings corresponding to mesh (1.40mm, 1.19mm, 1.00mm and 0.85mm), as alternative bio- sorbent material for the removal of oils and greases (O & G) from food processing activity. This study carried out for these materials considered as difficult to remove these contaminants because their solubility, as present in organic compounds suspension from domestic wastewater, such as esters of high molecular weight, formed from long chain fatty acids and glycerol. The best results and operational conditions that were obtained for bio-adsorption by sugarcane bagasse of these O & G in batch tests; it had to purpose running them in a fixed bed column test. The best result obtained among the granulometry of the sugarcane bagasse tested for bio-adsorption was with a mesh of 1.4mm. The experiment that determined the influence of the dosage, from 0.5 to 5.0g of the bio-adsorbent (sugarcane bagasse), it was carried out with acid pH at 4 and 25°C (environment temperature) with initial O & G concentration at 0,057gg-1 in synthetic aqueous oily solution, in which the removal percentage increased with the amount of adsorbent up to 5.0g. On the other hand, the adsorption capacity balance decreased with the amount of adsorbent up to 0,0028gg-1. The results of equilibrium isotherm (Ce) of O & G with bio-adsorbent material of sugarcane bagasse, with granulometry of 1.4mm, was obtained the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent (qe) of 0.00225gg-1. The interpretation of the results using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm mathematical models was to obtain the best correlation coefficient R2 = 0.988, separation coefficient RL= 0.999 for favorable type isotherm and maximum adsorption capacity, qmax = 0.10gg-1 for Langmuir model. In tests on sugarcane bagasse in fixed bed, granulometries of 1.00 and 0.85mm, did not show significant results in glass column test. For granulometry 1.40mm and 1.19mm, 5% to 95% of the adsorbate concentration fraction (Ce/C0) were observed at the point of rupture to point of exhaustion. The glass column test packed with sugarcane bagasse fixed bed and particle size of 1.4mm, presented O & G biosorption results with rupture point (Cb) values of 46.49min and volume (Vb) of 250mL. The point of exhaustion (Cx) of 386.40min and volume (Vx) of 1.850mL. In addition, a test performed in a plastic column packed with sugarcane bagasse with a particle size of 1.40mm, resulted in values of break point (Cb) were 72min and volume (Vb) of 500mL and point of exhaustion (Cx) of 802.2min and volume (Vx) of 3.000mL. The results obtained in the present research demonstrated O & G removal efficiency from synthetic oily solution by sugarcane bagasse, concluding as an alternative treatment of O & G by bio-adsorption.
The sugar and alcohol industry plant are rising, this has potentiated to generation of large amounts of sugarcane residue (bagasse), a fact that has encouraged the research of new use options and application. The objective of this research was for use the sugar and alcohol industry plant biomass residue obtained in Sao Paulo State (SP), evaluating its granulometry after pre-treatment (coarse sieving), passing through standard Tyler series sieves with openings corresponding to mesh (1.40mm, 1.19mm, 1.00mm and 0.85mm), as alternative bio- sorbent material for the removal of oils and greases (O & G) from food processing activity. This study carried out for these materials considered as difficult to remove these contaminants because their solubility, as present in organic compounds suspension from domestic wastewater, such as esters of high molecular weight, formed from long chain fatty acids and glycerol. The best results and operational conditions that were obtained for bio-adsorption by sugarcane bagasse of these O & G in batch tests; it had to purpose running them in a fixed bed column test. The best result obtained among the granulometry of the sugarcane bagasse tested for bio-adsorption was with a mesh of 1.4mm. The experiment that determined the influence of the dosage, from 0.5 to 5.0g of the bio-adsorbent (sugarcane bagasse), it was carried out with acid pH at 4 and 25°C (environment temperature) with initial O & G concentration at 0,057gg-1 in synthetic aqueous oily solution, in which the removal percentage increased with the amount of adsorbent up to 5.0g. On the other hand, the adsorption capacity balance decreased with the amount of adsorbent up to 0,0028gg-1. The results of equilibrium isotherm (Ce) of O & G with bio-adsorbent material of sugarcane bagasse, with granulometry of 1.4mm, was obtained the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent (qe) of 0.00225gg-1. The interpretation of the results using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm mathematical models was to obtain the best correlation coefficient R2 = 0.988, separation coefficient RL= 0.999 for favorable type isotherm and maximum adsorption capacity, qmax = 0.10gg-1 for Langmuir model. In tests on sugarcane bagasse in fixed bed, granulometries of 1.00 and 0.85mm, did not show significant results in glass column test. For granulometry 1.40mm and 1.19mm, 5% to 95% of the adsorbate concentration fraction (Ce/C0) were observed at the point of rupture to point of exhaustion. The glass column test packed with sugarcane bagasse fixed bed and particle size of 1.4mm, presented O & G biosorption results with rupture point (Cb) values of 46.49min and volume (Vb) of 250mL. The point of exhaustion (Cx) of 386.40min and volume (Vx) of 1.850mL. In addition, a test performed in a plastic column packed with sugarcane bagasse with a particle size of 1.40mm, resulted in values of break point (Cb) were 72min and volume (Vb) of 500mL and point of exhaustion (Cx) of 802.2min and volume (Vx) of 3.000mL. The results obtained in the present research demonstrated O & G removal efficiency from synthetic oily solution by sugarcane bagasse, concluding as an alternative treatment of O & G by bio-adsorption.
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Palavras-chave
Bioadsorção, Biomassa, Batelada, Leito fixo, Saccharum Officinarum, Bio-adsorption, Biomass, Batch, Fixed bed