Mudas pré-brotadas nas fases iniciais do programa de melhoramento genético de cana-de-açúcar
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2018-11-29
Autores
Silva, Victor Hugo Pavelqueires da
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os programas de melhoramento genético de cana-de-açúcar, na busca por novas cultivares, desenvolvem métodos e estratégias para acelerar a seleção nas fases iniciais de indivíduos superiores. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu na avaliação do uso de Mudas Pré-brotadas – MPB, nas fases iniciais do programa de melhoramento genético, como ferramenta para o aumento da taxa de multiplicação vegetativa. E, comparar os resultados de rendimento por área de três séries de hibridação, 2009/2010 e 2012, e de clones em validação na fase de ensaio Regional. Assim, espera-se um rápido aumento na quantidade de material propagativo, possibilitando partir de uma touceira na fase inicial para a instalação de ensaio na fase avançada do programa. Na série de hibridação 2012 do Programa Cana do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, após a seleção massal dos genótipos superiores na Fase I priorizando indivíduos filhos de dois genitores de interesse, foi selecionado um grupo de genótipos e produzidas as MPB’s para instalação de um ensaio na fase subsequente. Antes da primeira colheita, foram avaliados os parâmetros qualitativos como: porte, fechamento de entrelinha e fitossanidade. A partir dessa avaliação foram selecionados 5 genótipos (G1 – redução temporal, série 2012) para compor um agrupado de clones da fase intermediária de 17 genótipos (G2 – anos sucessivos de plantio de colmos, séries 2009 e 2010). Em seguida, foram produzidas as mudas para a instalação de Ensaio Regional em 4 locais, em delineamento de Blocos Inteiramente Casualizados, com 3 repetições, proporcionando uma maior uniformidade na instalação dos campos experimentais. O uso de MPB aumentou a área de avaliação em 1.340% e reduzir o tempo de avaliação. No ciclo de cana planta dos Ensaios Regionais não houve incremento para o atributo TCH nas séries 2009 e 2010, e pequeno ganho na série 2012. Com destaques para os clones IAC09-2015 e IAC10-2069, no atributo TPH. Para TFibraH, a série 2012 foi a que apresentou maior ganho, destaque para o clone IAC12-2165. No ciclo de cana soca, a série 2009 foi a que apresentou os maiores incrementos, para todos os atributos e o destaque individual geral foi o clone IAC09-2036. Na média dos 2 cortes em análise conjunta de locais, a série de hibridação 2010 teve maiores ganhos nos atributos TCH e TPH, e sendo a série 2009 para ganhos em TFibraH. No atributo TPH, na série 2012 houve redução em relação as testemunhas em todos os cortes e na média. Os clones com melhores performances foram IAC09-2015 e IAC10-2069, genótipos promissores para atender o atual cenário da canavicultura brasileira.
Sugarcane breeding programs, in the search for new cultivars, develop methods and strategies to accelerate selection in the early stages of higher individuals. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of pre-budded seedlings - PBS, in the initial stages of the genetic improvement program, as a tool to increase the rate of vegetative multiplication. And, compare yield results by area of three hybridization series, 2009/2010 and 2012, and clones in validation in the regional testing phase. Thus, a rapid increase in the amount of propagation material is expected, making it possible to start from a clump in the initial phase for the test facility at the advanced stage of the program. In the 2012 hybridization series of the Cana Program of the Agronomic Institute of Campinas, after the mass selection of the superior genotypes in Phase I prioritizing individuals born to two parents of interest, a group of genotypes was selected and the PBS were produced for the installation of a test in the phase subsequent. Before the first harvest, the qualitative parameters were evaluated as: size, interlining closure and phytosanity. From this evaluation, 5 genotypes (G1 - temporal reduction, series 2012) were selected to form a group of clones of the intermediate phase of 17 genotypes (G2 - successive years of planting of stalks, 2009 and 2010 series). The seedlings were then produced for the installation of a Regional Trial in 4 locations, in a completely randomized block design, with 3 replicates, providing a greater uniformity in the experimental field installation. The use of PBS increased the evaluation area by 1,340% and reduce evaluation time. In the cane cycle of the Regional Trial there was no increment for the TSH attribute in the 2009 and 2010 series, and small gain in the series 2012. With highlights for the clones IAC09-2015 and IAC10-2069, in the TPH attribute. For TFiberH, the 2012 series presented the highest gain, highlight for clone IAC12-2165. In the cane soca cycle, the 2009 series presented the largest increments for all attributes and the general individual highlight was clone IAC09-2036. In the average of the 2 cuts in joint analysis of sites, the hybridization series 2010 had higher gains in the TSH and TPH attributes, and the 2009 series for gains in TFiberH. In the TPH attribute, in the 2012 series there was a reduction in relation to the witnesses in all the cuts and in the average. The best performance clones were IAC09-2015 and IAC10-2069, promising genotypes to meet the current scenario of Brazilian canaviculture.
Sugarcane breeding programs, in the search for new cultivars, develop methods and strategies to accelerate selection in the early stages of higher individuals. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the use of pre-budded seedlings - PBS, in the initial stages of the genetic improvement program, as a tool to increase the rate of vegetative multiplication. And, compare yield results by area of three hybridization series, 2009/2010 and 2012, and clones in validation in the regional testing phase. Thus, a rapid increase in the amount of propagation material is expected, making it possible to start from a clump in the initial phase for the test facility at the advanced stage of the program. In the 2012 hybridization series of the Cana Program of the Agronomic Institute of Campinas, after the mass selection of the superior genotypes in Phase I prioritizing individuals born to two parents of interest, a group of genotypes was selected and the PBS were produced for the installation of a test in the phase subsequent. Before the first harvest, the qualitative parameters were evaluated as: size, interlining closure and phytosanity. From this evaluation, 5 genotypes (G1 - temporal reduction, series 2012) were selected to form a group of clones of the intermediate phase of 17 genotypes (G2 - successive years of planting of stalks, 2009 and 2010 series). The seedlings were then produced for the installation of a Regional Trial in 4 locations, in a completely randomized block design, with 3 replicates, providing a greater uniformity in the experimental field installation. The use of PBS increased the evaluation area by 1,340% and reduce evaluation time. In the cane cycle of the Regional Trial there was no increment for the TSH attribute in the 2009 and 2010 series, and small gain in the series 2012. With highlights for the clones IAC09-2015 and IAC10-2069, in the TPH attribute. For TFiberH, the 2012 series presented the highest gain, highlight for clone IAC12-2165. In the cane soca cycle, the 2009 series presented the largest increments for all attributes and the general individual highlight was clone IAC09-2036. In the average of the 2 cuts in joint analysis of sites, the hybridization series 2010 had higher gains in the TSH and TPH attributes, and the 2009 series for gains in TFiberH. In the TPH attribute, in the 2012 series there was a reduction in relation to the witnesses in all the cuts and in the average. The best performance clones were IAC09-2015 and IAC10-2069, promising genotypes to meet the current scenario of Brazilian canaviculture.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Saccharum ssp., Experimentos, Propagação