Métodos de Seleção de seeedlings e seu acompanhamento nas fases iniciais do programa de melhoramento de cana-de-açúcar
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Data
2018-11-29
Autores
Silva, Thiago Nogueira da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os programas de melhoramento de cana de açúcar, tem como objetivo principal gerar novos cultivares que sejam melhores adaptadas às condições edafoclimaticas a eles impostas, gerando ganhos em algum aspecto seja, em produtividade de colmos e açúcar por hectare, acúmulo de sacarose, sanidade, entre outros, aos produtores que os adotam. Sabendo disso e ciente da importância que a cana de açúcar representa para o Brasil, o presente trabalho compara diferentes métodos de seleção de famílias Blup relativo (Blup rel) e Blup sequencial Australiano (Blupseq) comparadas com a seleção Massal, aplicadas à primeira fase (Fs1) do programa de melhoramento, mantendo os comparativos junto a segunda fase (Fs2), em dois locais, Assis-SP e Ribeirão Preto-SP. Foram avaliados 65 famílias da série 2014 do programa de melhoramento genético do IAC Na primeira fase (Fs1), os ensaios foram instalados em dois blocos casualizados sendo cada unidade experimental constituída inicialmente por 96 indivíduos, avaliados no ciclo de cana soca. No experimento segunda fase (Fs2) foram avaliados no total 274 indivíduos em Ribeirão Preto e 217 em Assis. Os resultados do experimento primeira fase (Fs1) apontam similaridade entre os métodos avaliados, em Assis não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os métodos, já em Ribeirão Preto os métodos Massal e Blupseq apresentaram as maiores concentrações de indivíduos superiores. No experimento segunda fase (Fs2), o método Blupseq apresenta as maiores concentrações de indivíduos superiores nos dois locais, apresentado diferenças significativas para o caractere TBH apenas em Ribeirão Preto. A interação Família por Local, das duas fases sugerem que, para o caráter TCH deve ser considerado as particularidades de cada local para direcionar de forma específica os cruzamentos. Os coeficientes de correlação, apontam pouca concordância nas posições dos indivíduos entre as fases avaliadas. De modo geral os métodos apresentam resultados similares, no entanto, considerando os indivíduos exclusivos, os ganhos nas seleções de famílias são mais evidentes, possibilitando a aplicação prática ambos locais.
The Sugar cane breeding programs have as main objective to generate new cultivars that are better adapted to the edaphoclimatic conditions imposed by them, generating gains in some aspect be it yield of stalks and sugar per hectare, accumulation of sucrose, health , among others, to the producers who adopt them. Knowing this and aware of the importance that sugar cane represents for Brazil, the present work compares different methods of selection of Relative Blup (Bluprel) and Australian Blupseq (Blupseq) compared to Massal selection, applied to the first phase (Fs1) of the breeding program, maintaining the comparatives next to the second phase (Fs2), in two locations, Assis-SP and Ribeirão Preto-SP. We evaluated 65 families from the 2014 series of the breeding genetic program the IAC. In the first phase (Fs1), the trials were installed in two randomized blocks, each experimental unit initially composed of 96 individuals, evaluated in the cane soca cycle. In the second phase experiment (Fs2), a total of 274 individuals were evaluated in Ribeirão Preto and 217 in Assis. The results of the first phase experiment (Fs1) show similarity between the evaluated methods, in Assis no significant differences were observed between the methods, whereas the Massal and Blupseq methods presented the highest concentrations of superior individuals in Ribeirão Preto. In the second phase experiment (Fs2), the Blupseq method presents the highest concentrations of higher individuals in both sites, presenting significant differences for the TBH character only in Ribeirão Preto. The Family-by-Local interaction of the two phases suggests that, for the TCH character, the particularities of each location should be considered to specifically target the crosses. The correlation coefficients show little agreement in the positions of the individuals between the phases evaluated. In general the methods present similar results, however, considering the exclusive individuals, the gains in the families selections are more evident, making possible the practical application both places.
The Sugar cane breeding programs have as main objective to generate new cultivars that are better adapted to the edaphoclimatic conditions imposed by them, generating gains in some aspect be it yield of stalks and sugar per hectare, accumulation of sucrose, health , among others, to the producers who adopt them. Knowing this and aware of the importance that sugar cane represents for Brazil, the present work compares different methods of selection of Relative Blup (Bluprel) and Australian Blupseq (Blupseq) compared to Massal selection, applied to the first phase (Fs1) of the breeding program, maintaining the comparatives next to the second phase (Fs2), in two locations, Assis-SP and Ribeirão Preto-SP. We evaluated 65 families from the 2014 series of the breeding genetic program the IAC. In the first phase (Fs1), the trials were installed in two randomized blocks, each experimental unit initially composed of 96 individuals, evaluated in the cane soca cycle. In the second phase experiment (Fs2), a total of 274 individuals were evaluated in Ribeirão Preto and 217 in Assis. The results of the first phase experiment (Fs1) show similarity between the evaluated methods, in Assis no significant differences were observed between the methods, whereas the Massal and Blupseq methods presented the highest concentrations of superior individuals in Ribeirão Preto. In the second phase experiment (Fs2), the Blupseq method presents the highest concentrations of higher individuals in both sites, presenting significant differences for the TBH character only in Ribeirão Preto. The Family-by-Local interaction of the two phases suggests that, for the TCH character, the particularities of each location should be considered to specifically target the crosses. The correlation coefficients show little agreement in the positions of the individuals between the phases evaluated. In general the methods present similar results, however, considering the exclusive individuals, the gains in the families selections are more evident, making possible the practical application both places.
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Palavras-chave
Saccharum spp, Seleção de famílias, Seleção massal